He is independent in a way that nobody who was not a king or an aristocrat in the past has ever been -- a new kind of man, the backbone of the polis as it emerges.

他是如此的独立以至于,前无古人后无来者,一个全新的人,它不断地发展并成为城邦制的脊梁

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Some notion of being above yourself and thinking yourself more than a man with the implication that you are approaching some kind of divinity by being more than a man, and acting accordingly,which usually requires that you use violence to achieve what you want.

某种超越自我的信念,认为自己不只是凡人,这就暗示了,你正接近某种神灵,为此,通常需要使用暴力,来达成所愿

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Now, that's a very important point, because why in the world would you give a shield of the kind I am describing, for a man to defend himself, if you imagine him standing by himself anywhere, if you imagine him any distance from the rest of the guys fighting alongside of him.

这点非常关键,那就是到底为什么要将,这样一种盾牌,给士兵们使用,想象一下这个场景,这个士兵在战场的某个角落孤军奋战,与其它友军士兵相隔甚远

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选