The Russian empire was rather like Charlemagne's empire in 800 in the coronation at Aachen or Aix-la-Chapelle and all of that.

沙皇俄国倒是非常像查理曼帝国,即公元800年在亚琛加冕称王的查理曼帝国

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

So, Peter the Great, despite his dramatic expansion of the Russian empire, does not get this outlet on the Black Sea.

所以,彼得大帝,虽然为俄帝国的扩张立下汗马功劳,仍旧没能夺取黑海的入海口

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

The Russian empire continues, though it continues under a very different way with what became the Soviet empire.

但俄帝国仍延续着,虽然是以一种,极其不同的方式,它成为了苏维埃帝国

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Between the 1620s and the 1740s, the land of the Russian empire increases from 2.1 million square miles to 5.9 million square miles.

在17世纪20年代到40年代间,俄帝国的领土,由210万平方英里,增加到590万平方英里

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

The Russian empire is one of those empires that continued, arguably-- not arguably, it was the case-- after the four empires disappeared with World War I.

俄帝国可以说是,那些得以延续的帝国之一,这的确是事实,毕竟此前的四大帝国在一战中相继陨落

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

The Russian empire, the state of Muscovy had already expanded greatly, but it's really Peter the Great, it's the big guy who expanded Russia, its territorial size enormously.

沙俄帝国在此之前已有大幅扩张,但是,是彼得大帝,是这个大家伙扩张了俄国领土,他统治下的沙俄幅员辽阔

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Remember, this is a time, as we'll see in a while, where the czar was on the road a lot, and distances in the Russian empire are enormous.

要记得一点,我们后面还会讲到,因为彼得大帝经常外出,而当时的俄帝国幅员辽阔

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

You have this bureaucracy that's--it's not really a bureaucracy, but you've got these royal officials representing the royal will, but the actual impact in this vast expanse of the Russian empire isn't that great.

拥有庞大的官僚机构,并非是真正的官僚,但这些皇亲贵戚的确代表了王室的意愿,而实际上,它对幅员辽阔的俄国产生的影响绝非那般重大

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Serfdom expands along with the Russian empire.

农奴制度随着俄帝国的扩张而扩张

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选