There are cultic and ritual texts that prescribe how some ceremony is supposed to be performed.

有讲宗教崇拜的,规定一些特定仪式要如何进行。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

So, it's very important to see how different from that the Greek idea was and what an enormous responsibility the polis was supposed to have, and of course with that, there had to be an enormous amount of support for the state by the citizens.

因此,了解希腊观点的与众不同,以及城邦应当拥有完善的政府职能,是非常重要的,当然,基于此,一个优秀的政府离不开,那些支持他们的公民

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

There's never been any agreement, so far as I can tell, as to who it is we're supposed to be imagining the outside observer to be, and there are all sorts of conjectures.

这里的X到底是谁，就我所知，并没有定论,这个置身于外的观察者的身份仍然不明，关于这点又充满了各种各样的推测。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选