We know now that it's caused by a related virus, called vaccinia, remember the virus that causes smallpox is called variola.
我们现在知道这病由一种相关的病毒引起,这种病毒叫牛痘病毒,想想天花病毒也被叫做牛痘病毒
The virus is not killed so It's a live virus, which is actually going to infect your intestinal system and reproduce.
病毒没有被杀死,那么它就是活性病毒,也就意味着它将会,侵入你的肠道系统并且会繁殖
In fact, a real powerful virus would skip the respiratory system altogether, even better than a cold virus.
事实上,真正强有力的病毒,会跳过呼吸系统,比感冒病毒好的多。
The idea being if I find a pattern across multiple people's computers maybe all of those people are infected with the same kind of malware or virus or worm.
如果我从不同人的计算机中发现了一个模型,这就说明,所有那些人的计算机都感染了相同的,恶意软件,病毒或蠕虫。
This is the stock quotes. This is an anti-virus software.
这是股票报价信息表,这是一个杀毒软件。
They found that certain cells, in particular, epithelial cells from monkey kidneys, were very effective at propagating the virus.
他们发现有些细胞,尤其是在猴肾脏的上皮细胞中,这种病毒能够有效地增殖
The cells would be basically little reactors for generating lots of virus so you could make lots of virus to study.
这些细胞会变成增殖反应堆,从而产生大量病毒,由此可以得到大量供研究的病毒
It's really just the result of the virus dividing within cells of your skin, and producing a lot of dead cells.
这便是病毒在皮肤细胞内部,分裂的结果,这个过程会产生大量的死亡细胞
In other cases, the virus propagates in such high numbers that release is literally an explosion of the cell.
在另一些时候,病毒的数量相当大,那么释放病毒就会使细胞的爆裂
So, this is a cell that's infected with a microorganism, it's infected with a virus, let's say it's infected with influenza virus.
这是一个感染了微生物的细胞,它感染了一种病毒,就说是感染了流感病毒吧
But unlike the Cowpox virus, vaccinea, that we talked about before, this is the real disease causing agent.
但是同我们之前曾讨论过的,牛痘病毒疫苗的不同之处在于,这是可以直接致病的病毒
They also found some stockpiles of the virus from the 1950s that they still had on an Army base in Maryland,I think.
政府也在马里兰军队驻地发现了,从十九世纪五十年代储存到现在的病毒
So, some of these cases were probably due to polio that was transmitted by incompletely killed virus that was present in the vaccine.
因此,那些病例的发病的原因,是被那些疫苗中携带的,没有被完全杀死的病毒感染
So, you couldn't introduce the live virus in because that would cause the disease not just immunity.
所以 不可以直接接种活体病毒,因为这会使人致病而不仅是引起免疫应答
Rather, it's because this is a perfectly this is the adaptive strategy of the toxoplasmosis virus.
相反,这是一个完美的,这是弓浆虫的适应策略。
One can also purify parts of the protein, that is, parts of the virus, that is, "Do I really need to deliver the whole virus?"
人们还可以纯化部分蛋白质,也就是病毒的某些部分来制造疫苗,那么还需要接种完整的病毒吗
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