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If there were no voltage on the plates, we would expect everything to be over here in some negative value falling.
如果板子上没有速度，这些可能都在这,都是负值下降的。
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And I am able to vary the voltage on the plates making this for argument's sake negative and this for argument's sake positive.
我可以改变两个板子上的电压,为了论证，这个是负电,这个是正电。
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So essentially, they regulate this action potential, and they do so by helping to establish and then control the voltage gradient within the cells.
总之本质上，它们负责调节动作电位,它们做到这一点通过协助制造,并控制细胞内的电位梯度。
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That change happens because something gets triggered in the membrane, and what gets triggered is a voltage gated sodium channel, which is shown here.
变化的原因是膜上某些东西被触发了,被触发的是钠离子电压门控通道,展示在这儿了
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Each one of those electrodes allows us to measure, we plot voltage verses time, ? this signal coming from the tip of that electrode. Ok?
我们通过每个这样的电极都可以设计一种测量方法，我们设计电压比时间，这一信号源于电极的一端，对吧？
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The hard drive circuits translate those signals into to voltage fluctuations.
硬盘电路板把这些信号,转化为电压波动。
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He had a tube with electrodes potted in it filled with atomic hydrogen. And by applying a voltage, he was able to get the gas to glow.
那是个装满了氢原子并含有电极的管子,通过增加一个电压，他让气体燃烧起来了。
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As we increase the voltage, we get to a critical value at which it is possible to actually draw electrons across the gap.
当我们增加气压时，我们得到了一个临界值，在这个临界值上,将电子吸引过来是完全有可能的。
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So, when the voltage difference between the plates is zero, or when we just don't have the plates there at all, the cathode rays are not bent, they just go right in a straight line, and they can be detected on this screen.
拐弯来测试它们是否带电,当两板之间电压为零，或者根本就,没有这两个板时，阴极射线是一条直线,它可以在屏幕上。
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You can see low voltage, low energy, high voltage, high energy. It is a linear function.
你会看到，低电压，低能量，高电压，高能量，这是种线性关系。
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It sends it's signal, it's signal - the signal that it sends is this change in voltage, and once it changes, maybe it's all done.
它发出信号,它通过电压的改变发出信号,然而一旦电压改变,细胞的使命到此就终结了
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And what if I took a unit charge and I multiplied it times unit voltage, one volt?
如果我取个元负荷,让它乘上个电压单位，一伏特？
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This is continuously variable because I can vary voltage continuously.
这是连续改变的,因为我可以逐渐改变电压。
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He reasoned then that the charge, since he could vary voltage continuously but got a discontinuous variation in velocity, his conclusion was that the charge must be discontinuously attached to the droplet.
他推断出电荷，因为他可以不断地改变电压,但是得出了速度是在不连续变化着，他的结论是电荷,是间断地依附于液滴上的。
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And these electrodes are then connected to a variable voltage power supply.
这些电极然后,和一个变压电源连接起来了。
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And so if he gets the voltage high enough, this gas discharge tube will glow.
如果管中的电压足够高的话，气体放电管将会发光燃烧。
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And it is possible to change the voltage on the plates.
在金属板上改变电压是有可能的。
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That results in a dramatic change in the membrane voltage; the potential across the membrane and that's shown here by this rapid rise in membrane potential.
变化导致了膜电压的剧烈变化,膜电压就是跨膜的电势差,表现为膜电位的迅速上升
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Change the voltage, I change the incident energy.
改变电压，我改变入射能量。
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That voltage moves from one end of the cell to the other.
这个电压从神经细胞一端传导到另一端
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There's a local change in the membrane, that local change involves opening of channels that allow ions to pass through regions where they couldn't pass through before, that results in a change in voltage.
膜上会发生局部变化,局部变化包括离子通道开启,使离子通过,先前不能通过的区域,从而引起电压的变化
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That happens, and if I was looking at a region of membrane that was experiencing an action potential I would see voltage change in just the way it's shown in this graph here.
当去极化发生时,如果我观察一个经历动作电位的区域,我就会看到这样的电压变化,就像这幅图上展示的一样
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Unit charge times unit voltage then would give me what?
单位电荷乘以单位电压会得到什么呢？
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Now, remember we talked about these last time, voltage-gated channels are channels that would allow the passage of sodium, in this case, but they can exist in two states, a closed state and an open state.
还记得我们上节课讨论过的吧,电压门控通道是,一种可以容许钠离子通过的通道,在这一例子中 电压门控通道有两种状态,关闭状态和开放状态
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And the electrical energy is the product of the charge on the electron times the voltage which is the potential difference through which the electron was accelerated. And so this allows me to, by increasing the voltage, increase the energy on the electron.
电子能量是电子上的电荷数,乘以电压的结果,这是种内在的差距,通过它电子运动得以加速，这也让我，通过增强电压，来增加电子能量。
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And what we did was he put two detection plates on either side of these cathode rays, and when he put a voltage difference between these two plates, he wanted to see if he could actually bend the rays and test if they're actually charged or not.
但没有实验证明这件事,这就是Thomson所做的，它在阴极射线旁边放两块探测板,他想通过看当他,在两板之间加上电压后,阴极射线是不是会。
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