So a closed system would be, for instance, a glass of ice water with an ice cube in it, with the lid on top.

因此闭系可以是，比如说，一杯放了,一个冰块的冰水，顶上加了盖子。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

The renal system has an equally important function in that way, in maintaining your water balance.

泌尿系统也同样十分重要,它能够维持体内的水平衡

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

You're going to have to know when you describe the system, if your system is homogeneous, like your coffee with milk in it, or heterogeneous like water with an ice cube in it So heterogeneous means that you've got different phases in your system.

你要知道,当你描述一个系统时，你的系统是均匀的呢，像掺了牛奶的咖啡，那样还是非均匀的，像放了冰块的水,非均匀系统就是说,在你的系统中有不同的相存在。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

You need to know if it's an equilibrium, and you also need to know how many components you have in your system So, a glass of ice water with an ice cube in it, which is a heterogeneous system, has only one component, which is water, H2O.

要知道它是不是平衡的，你还需要知道,你的系统中有多少组分,一杯放了冰块的水，虽然它是个非均匀系统，但它只有一种组分，那就是水。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选