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Moore is quoting here in that phrase "business documents and school-books," as she tells us, from Tolstoy, a prose writer.
穆尔在那个短语里引用了这句,“商业文书和教科书“，正如她告诉我们的，引用来自托尔斯泰，俄国小说家。
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For example, he begins by borrowing the Russian formalist distinction in trying to explain what fiction is between plot and story.
举个例子，他开篇在解释那种文体介于情节和故事之间时,借用了俄国结构主义的特点。
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You'll find nothing comparable in Russia, obviously which I'll come back and talk about, or in Prussia, or in France.
而你在俄国却找不到类似的方式,很显然我在讲到普鲁士或法国,那章时也将回顾并谈到这一问题
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One is Dubna in the former Soviet Union in Russia, one is in Darmstadt in Germany and the third one is in the United States in Berkeley.
一个是在杜布纳，位于前苏联的俄国，一个在德国的达姆施塔特,第三个是在美国的伯克利。
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The only one larger was Russian serfdom. Brazil was close.
第一大是俄国农奴,巴西则和美国接近
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It's in that context that most of the observations we encounter in Russian formalism need to be understood.
我们要从形式角度去理解,俄国的形式主义者。
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This is not a wasteland of thought by any means, and the Russian formalists are an important part of what's going on.
俄国并不是一座思想的废都，形式主义者是思想界很重要的一个部分。
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By the way, if we begin by talking about poetic and practical language, we're beginning where the Russian formalists began.
谈到诗化语言和实用语言，我们就和俄国的形式主义者站到了同一个起点。
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Some aristocrats began to put on western style wigs, such as you could find at the court of Versailles.
一些俄国贵族开始戴上了西方风格的假发,这样的假发你可以在凡尔赛的宫廷里面见到
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Here is his paper.It was published in The Journal of Russian Chemical Society, 1869.
这便是他的论文，发表于,1869年的俄国化学社会杂志上。
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So, he remained very Russian, but it was the importation of more western ways of looking at things that were very important.
因此他还是一个很正宗的俄国人,但鼓励引进更西欧文明式的思考方式,这对于落后的俄国来说还是非常重要的
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When you look at Moscow you see these old traditional, the skyline is dominated by churches, the influence of the Russian Orthodox Church.
在莫斯科,你会看到许多古老的传统教堂,其尖顶高高耸立于天际,即那些受俄国东正教风格影响的教堂
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It was fabulous to read these people as they debated what will happen to Russia, the kind of westernizers and those in between.
两派间关于俄国走向的辩论,读起来实在是一件快事
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Time's up. There is a little more to say, I think, and certainly the possible ways in which Russian formalism is subject to critique need quickly to be passed in review.
下课了，我还有一些话要说，俄国的形式主义,作为批评的对象飞快的被人们淡忘了。
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The newness that the Russian formalists are interested in is not just any newness.
俄国形式主义者并不是对,所有的新奇都感兴趣。
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But what does change, and what the battle represents is, of course, Poltava-- is that Russia's participation in European affairs had been totally minimal.
但真正带来的变化,以及这场战役的意义,当然了 是指波尔塔瓦战役,在于俄国在欧洲事务的参与度,一度微不足道
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He once said that if he wasn't the czar of all the Russians, what he would want to be would be an English admiral.
他曾经说过,如果他不是俄国人的沙皇,他会做个英国的海军上将
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Eventually in 1905, Nicholas II will be forced to grant a Duma, an assembly to Russia.
905年,尼古拉斯二世最终被迫承认杜马,即俄国议会
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That really is implicit in the Russian formalist viewpoint.
这其实才是俄国形式主义者们隐含的观点。
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Those titles that Eikhenbaum keeps talking about -How Don Quixote was Made, How Gogol's Overcoat was Made- reflect the preoccupation of the Russian formalists with how literature is put together.
艾肯鲍姆总谈论,堂吉诃德，果戈理的外套是是怎么塑造的-,这反映了俄国形式主义者,对文本组合方式的执着。
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There was no equivalent of the Royal Society that you're reading about in London that was very important in the diffusion of the scientific revolution.
在俄国没有与英国皇家学会一样的组织,伦敦的皇家学会对科学革命的传播非常重要
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Yet there's an enhanced sense of obligation to the czar of all the Russian people.
但每个俄国人对沙皇效忠的意愿,却被加强了
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This ambivalence that was part of his personal life, the way he lived, would be a constant theme in subsequent Russian and still, in many ways, is today.
这种矛盾成了他个人生活的一部分,他的这种矛盾的生活方式在接下来的俄国,即便是在今天的俄国也是个不变的主题
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He had many religious books, the kind of standard liturgical texts that were the stuff of religious enthusiasm, and more modern theological works in the Russian Orthodox tradition.
他有许多宗教书籍 大多是关于标准的礼拜仪式的,也就是一些宗教狂热的东西,还有一些俄国东正教传统中更现代的神学作品
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To him this was not useless, because it didn't serve the state.
这对彼得大帝来说无所功用,因为这对俄国没有任何贡献
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This is not just a uniquely Russian tale, as you can see.
如你所见,这并非俄国独有的
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It does have a port, but it's frozen all the time.
俄国确实有个港口,但长年冰封
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Witness the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-1905 that the Russians lose.
904至1905年,日俄战争见证了,俄国人的失败
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Given the very different route that Prussia, Austria, Russia, Sweden and France went with a centralization of absolute rule, why did it work out so differently for England/Britain and the Netherlands?
在选择政体时,当普鲁士,奥地利,俄国,瑞典,法国,都伴随着中央集权走上绝对主义国家的道路,为什么英国和荷兰会如此与众不同呢
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