So one case to think about is what if the other firm, you're Coke, what if Pepsi is pricing below cost?

一种情况是如果另一家公司,假如说你是可口可乐,如果百事可乐定价低于成本怎么办

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Let's pretend that you have gone out to a dinner with a friend and it has been delicious

假如你与一位朋友外出就餐，食物非常可口。

I will 课堂 - SpeakingMax英语口语达人

Okay, coke got the most votes here which is interesting, and in fact Coca-Cola is an international giant of a company.

好,可口可乐得票最多,有意思,事实上,可口可乐是一家大型跨国公司

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

We're just producing Coca-Cola and Pepsi and for want of a better world, spewing it out into the market.

我们只是生产可口可乐和百事可乐,只是投入市场造福百姓而已

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

And so, amphetamines include drugs like "Speed" and "Coke."

安非他命类药物包括了,"快快"和"可口"

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Cajun salad, nice steak.

路易斯安那沙拉，还有可口的牛排。

When 实战 - SpeakingMax英语口语达人

This was eventually taken out, and actually just for your interest, there was no overlap between the time when cocaine was in Coca Cola and lithium was in 7-Up, so there was a few years difference between those two times, but it's amazing to think about what does go into processed foods.

锂最终被去掉了，如果你感兴趣的话，可口可乐中含有可卡因,与七喜中含锂的时代,并没有交集，它们之间还差了几年，但是想一想加工食品里,会加入什么东西还是很令人吃惊的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Now be honest, how many of you in a blind taste test can taste the difference between ordinary Coke and ordinary Pepsi?

老老实实,你们谁能在不知道的情况下尝出,可口可乐和百事可乐的不同

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

They make it like that, but instead of water or whatever, they put Coca-Cola into it?

他们像往常一样和面团,只不过用可口可乐取代了水

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

Let me take an example that I understand better than I understand Coke and Pepsi.

让我举一个,我比可口可乐和百事可乐了解更多的例子

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

There's also a part of the payoffs that's analogous to forcing me to drink Bud Light or forcing the forcing the Pepsi drinkers to drink Coca-Cola.

还有一部分类似于,强迫我喝百威淡啤酒或者,强迫喜欢喝百事的人去喝可口可乐

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

The only rider on that being, if they're producing Coca-Cola and you have any kind of concern for your teeth, maybe you shouldn't produce so much anyway.

如果可口可乐是唯一的生产者,并且你狠关心牙齿健康的话,或许你就不应该生产这么多产品了

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Okay, so Patrick's producing here but what about Mr. Coca-Cola guy?

帕特里克是这么制定产量的,那可口可乐会怎么做呢

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So these are Coke and Pepsi, that will confuse me less.

那就可口可乐和百事可乐吧,这会更容易理解

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Unilever is one, and then the final one is Coca-Cola.

联合利华,最后一个是可口可乐

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

But Patrick knows Steven pretty well; he knows those guys who run Coca-Cola are pretty smart guys, so Patrick knows that the guy who runs Coca-Cola is going to anticipate that the guy who runs Pepsi is gonna cheat on the guy who runs Coca-Cola, and hence the guy who runs Coca-Cola is going to play a best response to Patrick's cheat on quantity.

但是帕特里克也很了解史蒂文,他知道可口可乐的经理都很精明,帕特里克知道可口可乐的经理会预料到,帕特里克会违约,因此可口可乐的经理就会寻找最佳对策,因为帕特里克违约在先

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Well, one thing that goes wrong is that suppose Coke and Pepsi were able to either to write a contract or whatever to sustain joint monopoly output at this high price, this price which is actually producing positive profits in the industry it is going to turn out, therefore the price is going to be above costs.

我来说吧,问题出在这里了,假设可口可乐和百事达成了协议,不管签的是协议还是合同,只要能通过协约维持垄断产出,通过制定高价来达到正的利润就行,这样价格是高于成本的

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

If Coke is the low price it sells this amount and its profits are basically given by this equation.

如果可口可乐价格低那它就销售这个销量,利润基本上就是由这个公式决定

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

When I was a boy the eight ounce Coke was the default serving, and when I was a child when it was time to have a Coke or a Pepsi you had eight ounces and the event was over.

当我还是个小男孩的时候,可口可乐,或是百事可乐都是八盎司装的,而且最多就只能喝一瓶

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

So if Pepsi is the low price drink in the market then no Coke is sold at all.

如果在市场上百事可乐的价格较低,可口可乐就卖不出去

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

We're Coca-Cola and Pepsi, so we really don't want to have to bring the mafia in, Although maybe we do, I don't know.

我们是可口可乐和百事可乐公司,我们都不想将黑手党卷进来,可能也希望他们介入吧,谁知道呢

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So the products we mentioned last time were Coke and Pepsi, but you could think of other products that are pretty much identical.

上次举例的产品是可口可乐和百事可乐,但你们可以把它想象成其他,同样的产品

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So I started off with an example that's pretty bad for this story, namely, Coke and Pepsi.

我以一个例子作为开始,一个不太恰当的例子,即,可口可乐和百事可乐

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Steve, and I guess in red he should be the Coca-Cola guy, and let's pick on our Jimmy stewart from last week, whose name is Patrick.

斯蒂文是可口可乐的经理,再请出上周的吉米·斯图尔特,叫帕特里克的那位同学来

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

You're Coke, what should you price as if you're trying to maximize your profits?

你是可口可乐,你应该如何定价,如果你想要利润最大化

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Coke and Pepsi are producing this stuff.

公司分别生产可口可乐和百事可乐

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So if P1 is less than P2--so if they're the low price firm-- if Coke is the low price firm, only Coke sells in the market.

如果P1小于P2,公司1的价格较低,如果可口可乐的价格较低,市场上将只销售可口可乐

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So Patrick, our manager of Pepsi believes that Coca-Cola is going to produce this quantity and he's agreed to produce this quantity.

百事的经理帕特里克认为可口可乐,会按照协议产量来生产,他也会这么做

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

We see what the environment has become and here you see something where there's deep fried Twinkies, deep fried candy bars, deep fried onions, and deep fried Coca-Cola.

我们看到饮食环境变成了什么样,你能看到各种油炸食品,油炸夹馅面包,油炸糖果条,油炸洋葱,以及油炸可口可乐

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

Suppose the other guy didn't exist, Suppose Pepsi didn't exist, so Coke has the whole market, then we would solve out this problem.

假设对手不存在,假设百事可乐不存在,那么可口可乐占领整个市场,然后我们就可以解决这个问题

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选