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Another example is in the nervous system, patients that have Parkinson's disease have too little of a natural ligand called dopamine.
另一个例子有关神经系统,帕金森氏病的患者,缺乏一种叫做多巴胺的天然的配体
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where they have smoothies. They make their own natural smoothies.
那里有沙冰。他们制作自己的天然沙冰。
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So, that was a naturally occurring attenuated virus that could be produced into a vaccine that didn't cause the disease.
因为天花病毒存在天然的衰减病毒,这种衰减病毒可以用来,直接生产不致病的疫苗
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Man was seen as a solitary creature, not inherently a part of society.
人被看做是一个独立的客体,而不天然作为社会的一部分
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Magnesium chloride is the raw material for the production of magnesium.
氯化镁是一种由镁得到的,天然材料。
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So, a natural product is something that is made by nature, and often natural products, whether it comes from a plant or a marine organism have some really good, useful properties. And so, one particular compound has anti-tumor properties. So, again, along this line of cancer research.
天然产物是在自然界中生成的,通常一个天然产物，不管是来自植物或者海洋生物,都有些非常好非常实用的性质，其中的一个特殊的化合物,可以治疗癌症,再一次我们又来到癌症研究上。
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That's why people are so excited about embryonic stem cells because in nature they become all the cells of the body.
这就是为什么胚胎干细胞如此让人激动,因为它的天然功能就是变成所有身体细胞
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They bind sometimes better than the natural ligand does, but they don't create the right biological reaction.
结合的比天然配体和受体的的结合更紧密,但不能产生相同的生物效应
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An agonist is a substance that mimics the action of a natural ligand, and I show you a couple of examples of agonists here.
激动剂是能够模拟天然配体分子的物质,在这里我给出了一些激动剂作为例子
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Right, but if you just got the primary exposure, wouldn't the secondary response automatically-- not a booster shot, just the secondary response, because you were exposed?
但这时你已经获得这样的初次免疫,而因为你已经天然感染过该病毒,那么,在没有加强针的情况下,二次免疫是否无法自动发生
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And so this is an example of a naturally occurring, attenuated vaccine.
这就是一个天然减毒疫苗的例子
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Because there's no naturally occurring smallpox.
因为没有天然的天花疫苗
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This is introducing a gene, it's a natural gene but it's not - it's a natural gene that's found in humans and is actually expressed all over your body in different levels, but you're concentrating it or over expressing it in one particular region of tissue in order to have a particular effect.
通过导入一个基因,这是一个天然基因但--,是一种于人体内发现的天然基因,在全身细胞中都有不同程度表达,但需要集中在组织的某一特定区域,表达或过表达,才能达到特定疗效
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This would an example of a substance that inhibits the action of a natural ligand and they can inhibit in a variety of ways.
这类物质能够以多种方式,抑制天然配体的作用
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Sometimes you can design drugs that act like a natural ligand without being the natural ligand.
有时你能设计具有天然配体功能的药物,但它不一定和天然配体相同
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This was not a naturally occurring attenuated virus as used in smallpox, but a virus that was attenuated in the laboratory, basically by propagating it in culture and looking for mutants that were formed as you propagated this virus under different experimental conditions.
这不是在制造天花疫苗时,使用的那种天然减毒病毒,而是一种在实验室中被人工弱化的病毒,基本上是通过在细胞中培养繁殖后,从这些培养出来的病毒中挑选出,不同实验环境下的变异体
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That DNA gets replicated to make many more copies of the viral DNA using host mechanisms, that is, often using the DNA polymerase which is naturally present in the host cell for its own replication.
病毒DNA进行复制,通常是利用在宿主细胞自身的有关物质,利用宿主细胞中天然存在的,DNA聚合酶来大量复制病毒DNA
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