If animals get a similar disease then you can learn about that disease progression in much more detail in the animal.

如果动物也能罹患相似的疾病,那么我们可以通过动物,更详尽的研究病程发展

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

We eat different kinds of things and many people think that that's what has contributed to much more heart disease.

许多人认为,我们吃许多不同的食物,这是导致更多人患心脏病的原因

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Now maybe you're right, that we could study that, in fact, more people are born in June period.

可能你说的对，调查那些没有患厌食症的人，实际上还是会发现大多数人都是6月出生的。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

You'll see a graph with yellow lines, yellow bars that are people without the metabolic syndrome and red bars are people with.

图上黄色柱子表示没有患代谢综合征的人,红色柱子表示患有代谢综合征的人

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

But when it was all said and done he wasn't blind, he wasn't deaf, didn't lose language, didn't become aphasic, no paralysis, no retardation.

手术完成,他没有失明，没有失聪，没有失去语言能力，没有患失语症，没有麻痹，没有反应迟钝。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

And Jenner made the observation that others had made, that people that were around cows a lot tended not to get smallpox.

詹纳观察到的现象别人也曾观察到,就是经常接触奶牛的人不容易患天花

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The question is if women have less abdominal obesity, why would you find this elevated risk in women?

他提的问题是如果女性比较少患腹部肥胖,为什么在这里女性的患病风险比较高

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

One of the hypotheses that was being tested in this particular study was that a low-fat diet would reduce a woman's risk for breast cancer.

其中一个,在研究中被检验的假设是,低脂膳食,有助于降低妇女患乳腺癌的风险

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

It can be used given to people to who have certain kinds of anemia to stimulate blood cell production in a specific kind of way.

它能够用于那些,罹患某种贫血的人群,来以特定的方式刺激红细胞生成

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In addition to Jenner, there was a farmer named Benjamin Jesty, who recognized that farmers, being in contact with cows, didn't get disease as often as non-farmers did.

除了詹纳,还有个叫本杰明?加斯特的农民,他发现与奶牛接触的农民,不像其他人那样容易患天花

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

When you look at the risk of consequences from metabolic syndrome in the population, you have to know a person's race to some extent to understand how high their risk really is.

如果想要考察某人群,患代谢综合征的风险,就要知道一定的种族信息,这样才能较准确地知道他们的患病风险度

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

A girl with colitis goes by."

一个患结肠炎的女孩从身边走过"

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Now one could say that there's something peculiar about the-- biologically about the Pimas who live in Arizona, who put that--makes them so much at risk for diseases like Diabetes.

皮玛族人生活在亚利桑那州,在他们身上有些奇怪的生理特性,使得其患糖尿病之类疾病的风险很高

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

So at a given level of overweight out here -twenty-seven, twenty-nine, thirty-one, thirty-three are the body mass index, the women are more likely to get Diabetes then the men are.

在超重情况下,如果体重一定,这里的27,29,31,33,表示体重指数,女性比男性更易患糖尿病

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

Now there are two types of diabetes, as you may know, there's Type I Diabetes which is a genetic abnormality that usually shows up in childhood or adolescents where people are dependent on insulin.

你们可能知道,糖尿病有两种类型,Ⅰ型糖尿病是由基因异常引起的,在儿童和青少年中较为多见,患这种病需要长期依赖胰岛素

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

As people's weights get high -I'm sorry let's go back here, got a little trigger happy here -as weights go high, from left to right you see the risk of Diabetes gets really very high.

随着体重的上升,抱歉,应该回到上一张幻灯片,刚才按多了,在曲线上从左到右,随着体重的上升,患糖尿病的风险在迅速上升

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

Two is it gives you some sense for how concerned parents were about the risks of polio in the community and how much they wanted a vaccine to be developed, such that they gave permission for their children to enter into this trial.

第二是,它能让你了解,父母们对孩子,罹患小儿麻痹症的风险的关心程度,以及对疫苗的渴望程度,这使得他们同意让他们的孩子,参与到这种实验中

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

There are also interesting breakdowns by gender, and so if we look at the males and the females on the left here, you see that the females have a higher risk of consequences if they have metabolic syndrome then the males do.

不同性别患代谢综合征的情况也有差异,左边两个柱子分别代表男性和女性,可以看出患代谢综合征的女性的患病风险,比男性患者要高

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

It's because these are the women who have abdominal obesity, so women are less likely to have it in the first place, but many do, and of those who do and have that metabolic syndrome, then they're more susceptible to the heart disease outcomes than men are.

这是因为研究对象都是有腹部肥胖的女性,女性一开始的确比较少患腹部肥胖,但其中仍有人会有腹部肥胖,所以那些患代谢综合征的腹部肥胖女性,与男性相比更容易受到心脏疾病的影响

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

So tens or hundreds of millions of dollars would go into a study like this by the time it was completed, money that could have been used for other things, to test whether eating a low fat diet would reduce risk for breast cancer.

数以百万计的美元,投入到这样的研究,当研究结束时,本可以用来做其他事情的钱,被用来检测是否低脂膳食,可降低患乳腺癌风险

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

Or what - and often it's not going to be just one gene, it's going to be combinations of genes, and how do you predict the fate of the individual based on all of the genes that you know to be involved in progression of a certain disease.

有时候甚至都不仅仅是一个基因的问题,引发疾病的是一些不同基因的组合,并且怎样基于,导致某种特定疾病的所有基因,来预测一个人未来是否会患这种疾病呢

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选