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and when he lays out the ideal society in his view in the Republic, we find there are multiple rulers.
他在《理想国》一书中论述了心目中的,理想社会,我们从中能看出精英集团的存在
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The Republic belongs to that period of Plato's work after his return to Athens, after the execution of Socrates.
理想国》即是柏拉图,在返回雅典后的作品之一，也就是在苏格拉底被处决之后。
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When Plato writes his Republic and devotes Book Ten, as I'm sure most of you know, to an argument in effect banishing the poets from the ideal republic, part of the argument is that poets are terrible imitators.
当柏拉图写《理想国》和《第十卷》的时候，你们肯定都听过这两部著作，他提出了一个一个论点，要把诗人从理想国中驱逐出境，他提到，诗人都是拙劣的仿造者。
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Blanc said the ideal society is based on the principle of, and now I quote, "From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs."
勃朗说理想国,应建立在这样的原则上，以下由我引用，各尽所能，按需分配“
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It would seem that far from utopia, the Republic represents a radical dystopia, a satire, in some sense, of the best polity.
这让《理想国》看起来远不像是乌托邦，反像是极端的反乌托邦，从某些层面看来像是在讽刺所谓最佳政体。
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Rousseau wrote in his Emile, "To get a good idea of public education," he says, "read Plato's Republic.
鲁索在《爱弥儿：论教育》中写到，“若要了解公共教育的全貌，就读柏拉图的《理想国》
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He represents what will later be called in the Republic the appetitive part of the soul, the appetites.
他代表的是稍后在《理想国》中,所谓灵魂欲望的部份，众多的欲望。
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The first and most obvious thing to say about the Republic is that it is a long book.
首先也是《理想国》,最明显的特征,就是其厚度。
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Today I have the impossible task of finishing the parts of the Republic that I have assigned for the class.
今天我有个不可能的任务,完成《理想国》剩余的部份,依照我指定给同学的进度。
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The Republic asks us, what would a city be like if it were ruled by Socrates or someone like him?
理想国》要我们考虑，城邦的面貌,如果它是由苏格拉底或像他的人所统治？
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And, again, that seems to point back to Thrasymachus' point of view in the first book of the Republic.
这又把我们带回到,第一本书《理想国》中,特拉西马库斯的观点上。
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Plato's Republic is, we will discover as you read, it is a republic of a very special kind.
柏拉图的《理想国》各位在我们继续阅读中，自会发现是一种很特别的理想国。
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In one sense, the Republic, and I've given some indications of this today, seems to be the most anti-democratic book ever written.
从某方面看来，《理想国》,与我今天所谈到的一些迹象看来，似乎是有史以来,最反民主的书。
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We can say today that this university is a direct ancestor of the platonic republic of Plato's Academy.
我们可以说现今这间大学的直系原型,即是，“柏拉图学院“的,柏拉图式理想国。
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And this is where the two most important figures of the Republic begin to make their voices heard.
而这正是《理想国》书中,最重要的两名人物,开始发声的起点。
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It is easy to confuse, as many people have done, the Republic, with a recipe for tyranny.
这很容易令人困惑，很多人也真的被困住，拿着《理想国》作为专制的药方。
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If you don't believe me about this, maybe you will consider the words of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, one of the great readers of Plato's Republic.
如果你们不信，也许可以考虑,鲁索的话语，他是最重要的柏拉图《理想国》读者之一。
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The institutional and educational requirements of Plato's Republic share many features with a place like Yale.
柏拉图《理想国》的制度,与教育条件特色,有许多方面和耶鲁是共通的。
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This is a point that is often lost in the Republic, that it is first of all a work on the reform of the soul.
这是在《理想国》中常被落掉的观点，即改革灵魂,为首要之事。
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And it is certainly a large theme of Plato's theory of justice in the Republic.
而这更是柏拉图在《理想国》中,关于正义的大主题。
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Polemarchus This is an argument that comes from Polemarchus in Book I of the Republic.
这是,在《理想国》第一册中的辩论。
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A famous professor at a distant university was said to have begun his lectures on the Republic by saying, " "Now we will consider Plato, the fascist."
一位在远地的著名教授据说曾,以下列句子,开始讲授《理想国》,“我们现在要来谈柏拉图，法西斯份子“
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The Republic asks us to consider seriously, ? what would a city look like ruled by philosophers?
理想国》要我们严肃地考虑，一座由哲学家统治的城邦面貌为何？
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he tells us the purpose of the best regime the purpose of Aristotle's Republic is directed not to war but in fact to peace.
他告诉我们最佳政体的目的,亚里士多德眼中《理想国》的著作目的,并非战争,而是和平。
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Plato's critique of Homeric poetry in the Republic is two-fold; it is both theological and political.
柏拉图在《理想国》中,批评荷马诗学有两层含意;,同时是有关神学与政治学。
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But Plato's Republic recognizes no such separation or no such independence for a private sphere.
但柏拉图的《理想国》并未体认到这种区隔,或是这种私人领域的自主性。
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But the action of the Republic takes place long before the defeat of Athens, before the rise of the Thirty and the execution of Athens .
但《理想国》撰写的时间,远早于雅典战败，及三十暴君掌权之前,也早于雅典被处决之前。
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Every bit in many ways is far reaching as Plato's Republic.
每一项，从很多层面看来,都跟柏拉图的《理想国》一样遥不可及。
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The Republic, like the Greek polis, was a kind of tutelary association.
理想国》类似希腊城邦，一种守护式的联合。
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Thrasymachus That comes straight out of Thrasymachus, Book I of the Republic.
那直接取源自，《理想国》第一册。
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