When they make milk they have signals for turning on the betagalactoglobulin promoter and expressing the gene of interest.

泌乳的时候,β-乳球蛋白启动子受信号调控而开启,目的基因得以表达

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The problem is the same, how do I get the gene that I want into only the cells that I want?

同样的问题又来了,怎样准确地,把目的基因只导入特定细胞呢

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

When this animal makes milk, it makes all the normal milk proteins, but it also activates your gene of interest as well.

那么当这一后代泌乳的时候,它不仅表达出自身正常的奶蛋白质,也激活了目的基因的表达

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

You would like to get the gene that you're interested in expressed in some population of cells within the body but not in other cells.

我们希望目的基因,在一些细胞中表达,在另一些中不表达

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So you could collect your gene of interest in the milk.

所以你可以在乳汁中收集到目的基因产物

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Those two examples I just gave you, one had to directly inject a gene containing vector into the pronucleus of a fertilized egg and you don't have that opportunity in adults.

在我刚给出的两个例子里,一个必须得将带有目的基因的载体,直接注射到受精卵的原核中,这在成年人身上行不通

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

You get the idea here, is to deliver the gene that you're interested in directly to the tissue where it's being used and in this case, the idea is to introduce a gene that's missing.

但首先你要明确,这种思路是用来将,某个目的基因直接导入,它原本就能被利用的组织中的,此例中是导入一种缺失的基因

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In this case the promoter, which is a sequence of DNA that is positioned right in front of the gene of interest, the promoter is the betagalactoglobulin promoter in this case, and betagalactoglobulin is a milk protein.

这里涉及到的启动子,也是一段DNA序列,它必须刚好位于目的基因序列前端,我们用到的是β-乳球蛋白启动子,β-乳球蛋白是乳汁中的一种蛋白

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In this case, if everything goes right, you inject the DNA into the pronucleus, you implant this fertilized egg into a foster mother, the mother gives birth to offspring, it develops and when it develops this foreign DNA is in the offspring.

如此一来,如果一切顺利,DNA成功注射进原核,受精卵成功植入代孕母亲,成功的孕育了后代,后代健健康康的长大,目的基因就成功的整合进了后代的基因组

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The goal of that was to take for a typical human, or for a typical - in the case of the human genome project maybe you're looking at fruit flies, you want to look at all the DNA in a fruit fly, but to look at the sequence of base pairs that makes up human DNA and write them all out; we'll talk about that later.

这个计划的目的是,建立一个有代表性人类的基因顺序,或者说是典型的人类基因组,就人类基因组计划来说,或许你在研究果蝇,你想观察果蝇内的所有DNA,而人类基因组计划是观察组成人类的,DNA的碱基对顺序并且将它们记录下来,我们不久之后会讨论这些内容

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选