-
A pancreas--cell in the pancreas, for example, needs to make insulin and so the gene for insulin is transcribed.
举个例子,一个胰腺细胞,要分泌胰岛素,那么编码胰岛素蛋白的基因就会被转录
-
Individual cells of the pancreas are capable of - of a healthy pancreas are capable of both sensing glucose and secreting insulin.
每一个健康胰腺细胞,都可以感知血液中葡萄糖浓度,并分泌胰岛素
-
One needs a heart, one a lung, one a kidney, one a liver, and the fifth a pancreas.
分别需要心脏移植，肺移植，肾移植，肝移植，以及胰腺移植。
-
When it does your pancreas receives a signal that your blood glucose has started to go up, and it will secrete insulin.
这时你的胰腺会收到信号,你的血糖水平开始升高了,它就会分泌胰岛素
-
So maybe - and here thinking about the pancreas has many functions but one of its important functions is to secrete insulin.
胰腺有很多的功能,其中最重要的功能之一,就是分泌胰岛素
-
So, there are cells in your pancreas which recognize glucose levels and they secrete insulin in response.
你的胰腺细胞能够,识别血糖水平,并分泌胰岛素作为反馈
-
Well, insulin is a protein, it's produced by cells in the pancreas, it circulates in your blood.
胰岛素是一种蛋白质,由胰腺细胞分泌,随着血液不断在体内循环
-
Another hormone gets produced by the pancreas in response to low glucose levels, it's called glucagon.
胰腺产生另外一类激素,来应对血糖水平降低的情况,它叫做胰高血糖素
-
Then maybe those new cells you put in would function as a totally natural artificial pancreas.
那些新植入的细胞可能会起到,与健康个体的胰腺细胞相同的作用
-
Before that, diabetics had been treated with insulin that came from a different source, usually from pigs, so by harvesting and purifying insulin from pig pancreas.
在此之前 糖尿病患者,所用的胰岛素来自于不同的来源,通常是从猪身上提取的,是从猪的胰腺中提取并纯化而成的
-
But skin cells and brain cells and pancreas cells aren't doing the same things.
但皮肤细胞,脑细胞和胰腺细胞,却发挥着完全不同的作用
-
Only cells in the pancreas, some cells in the pancreas are making insulin.
只有胰腺中的细胞,胰腺中的一些细胞分泌胰岛素
-
Two more--yeah-- artificial pancreas - now how are you thinking that might work?
再来两个,人造胰腺,你认为它是如何工作的
-
To make insulin, for example, your cells of your pancreas have to be transcribing that gene, it has to be processed, has to be translated into the protein insulin.
举例来说,如果要合成胰岛素,你的胰腺细胞必须先转录那一段基因,然后进行加工,继而翻译成为胰岛素蛋白
-
How do cells in your brain know which proteins they ought to be making, and how do cells in the pancreas know which proteins they ought to be making?
你的脑细胞怎么知道,该生成哪些蛋白质呢,而你的胰腺细胞又是怎么知道,不该生成哪些蛋白质呢
-
Why? Because brain cells and pancreas cells are expressing different proteins.
这是为什么呢,因为脑细胞,和胰腺细胞表达不同的蛋白
-
Cells in your pancreas, for example, are making the protein insulin.
比如说可以产生胰岛素的,胰腺细胞
-
Only cells of your pancreas make insulin, for example.
举例来说,只有胰腺细胞生成胰岛素
-
Those cells in your pancreas are making insulin.
胰腺里的细胞产生胰岛素
-
I'll use that one as the example because it's a familiar one to most people and you know that the protein insulin is made only in your pancreas and certain cells of the pancreas.
我把它作为例子,是因为大多数人都很熟悉它,胰岛素只在胰腺中进行合成,某些胰腺细胞能够合成胰岛素
-
So diabetics have lost that normal function.
糖尿病患者的胰腺丧失了正常的功能
-
I'll talk about what that means, encoding insulin means in a minute, but there's a gene that tells your body what insulin looks like and that gets transcribed but only in those cells that make insulin.
一会儿,我将会讨论基因编码胰岛素的意义,所有细胞都含有相同的胰岛素基因,它决定胰岛素的结构以及如何被转录,但是只有胰腺细胞才能产生胰岛素
-
Well if you can continuously measure and then give the amount of insulin you need to compensate for that amount of blood, those things could work together to be a totally artificial pancreas, make it totally out of synthetic parts.
如果能持续监测并且补充,血液中不足的胰岛素,能同时具有以上功能的东西,才可以称之为人工胰腺,它不同于将部件简单的进行组合
-
So that means those cells are continually making messenger RNA and that messenger RNA is being converted into protein.
这意味着胰腺细胞在,不断地产生mRNA,这些mRNA被转变为蛋白质
-
If you looked at cells in my pancreas and cells in my brain, and cells in my skin they all have the same DNA.
我的胰腺细胞,脑细胞,和皮肤细胞的DNA都相同
-
A section of DNA that is responsible for encoding a gene, let's say it's the insulin gene for example, might be some stretch of DNA on a certain chromosome inside your cells, inside the cells of the pancreas.
一段编码蛋白的DNA序列,我们就拿编码胰岛素的基因来举个例子,它也许是一段DNA基因序列,位于你胰腺细胞里的,某条染色体上
应用推荐