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Nutrition is considered the process, the behavioral process by which people require--acquire nutrients, and use them to promote vital activities.
营养作用就是营养的供给和摄取,也就是人们摄取营养,并将其转化为生命力的行为过程
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Humans suffered as a consequence from nutritional deficiencies in almost all parts of the world because there weren't complete diets.
几乎全世界的人们都饱受营养不良的困扰,因为他们没有平衡的食谱
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They were already, in 1914, starting to require that food packages show nutritional -or ingredients and nutritional information.
在1914年,政府要求,食品厂商在包装上标明其营养成分,或者原材料及营养信息
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This diagram is supposed to make you think about the intestinal tract, this tube that runs through our bodies and allows us to acquire nutrients from the environment.
这幅图意在,让你们考虑一下肠道,这个贯穿我们身体的管道,使我们能够从环境中吸收营养
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Either people in these populations were malnourished or they had to find supplementation for these super foods in order to survive.
人们需要在超级食物之余补充额外营养,否则就会营养不良
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It's a very interesting discussion, but he also talks--and this is discussed in his book-- about the concept of nutritionism.
这是一次非常有趣的探讨,他在书中还提到了,营养学的理念
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We'll talk a lot about that, because it says a great deal about the way our government deals with nutrition issues.
我们会在这上面花很多时间,因为该图很大程度上,向我们揭示了政府对营养问题的态度
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As we mentioned in one of the earlier classes, these macronutrients differ in how much energy you can derive from them.
我在之前一节课提过,身体从不同大量营养素中吸收的能量不同
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Willett is a very prominent nutrition researcher and his name will come up in a variety of context in the class.
沃尔特是一名出色的营养学研究员,以后的课会经常提到他的名字
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All right, I'd like to continue what we started discussing last week, which is some fundamental information on nutrition.
好的,我想继续上周讨论的话题,即,一些营养学的基本信息
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Now so-- just in that little quiz you can see that you guys have varying levels of knowledge about nutrition.
根据刚才的测试可以发现,对于营养学,你们的知识量各有不同
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Experts differ on this and people have their favorite nutrients, and this gets played out in diet books.
专家对此尚有争议,人们各有营养喜好,这一切在食谱书中都有体现
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Nutrients get broken down into several classes and these are the constituents of food that your body uses for one purpose or another.
营养素这个问题需要花几节课来讨论,它们是食物的组成要素,供给身体吸收,支持身体机能运转
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They deliver different amounts of energy and they also deliver different amounts of nutrients, but we'll talk about the energy for the moment.
它们提供的能量不等,提供的营养数量也是不同的,当然我们现在讨论的是能量
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Well, both are foods, depending on your definition, but both are foods. Both have nutrients, both have things your body can make use of.
根据普遍的定义,两种都是食物,都是食物,都有营养素,都含有人类身体可吸收利用的物质
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The micronutrients, which are available in food but in smaller amounts, are vitamins, minerals, and water.
微量营养素,在膳食中所占比重较小,它们是维生素,矿物质和水
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Now, daily values are established by the government, how much nutrients the typical person needs and then how much--what percentage of that a food provides.
每日建议摄取量是由政府制定的,代表普通人的日营养需求量,这里给出了该食物所能提供的百分比
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The macro nutrients are the big constituents of food, that's protein, carbohydrate, and fat.
大量营养素是食物重要组成来源,即蛋白质,碳水化合物和脂肪
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The people who write about food history have called these things superfoods, not necessarily because they're super rich in all nutrients, but because they were super available.
那些写饮食史的人,将这些称之为超级食物,不一定是因为它们富含所有营养物质,而是因为它们随处可见
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Now one--people get very worked up about what the government nutrition guidelines are.
现在政府的营养指南,引起人们很大的兴趣
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It'll also give you a breakdown of the particular nutrients of that food.
它还会给出一份,该食物的营养成分表
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If you ate the same food day after day after day, you'd have too many of some nutrients and too little of others, and you become nutritionally deficient.
如果你日复一日的只吃一种食物,某类营养就会过剩,而另一些则会不足,你就会营养不良
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These then became the objects of trade, of commerce, and of course of human diets and these had nutritional implications for people in different parts of the world.
这些随后成为了交易品和商品,当然,也成为了人们的日常饮食,对于来自世界不同地方的人们,这些食物都是有营养方面的考虑的
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And if food is anything you eat, it gives you a nutrient, then basically everything satisfies the criteria for food; not everything in the world, but most things would.
若不论吃什么,只要提供营养就是食物,那基本上没有什么不满足食物的定义,倒不是说一切东西,至少绝大部分都满足
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There are macronutrients and micronutrients and you've heard of both.
可以分为大量营养素和微量营养素两类
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Now of course, nutrition is the kind of subject that one could spend the whole semester on, could spend--do multiple classes on, because it's a very interesting, fascinating, and complex topic.
当然,要学习营养学这门课程,可能需要整个学期的时间,耗费很多课时,因为这个话题十分有趣,且吸引人,而又一言难尽
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So nutrition is really what people are eating; and that overlaps with the concept of diet, which is when people are making specific choices about what to eat, how do they partition their nutrients.
营养学研究的是人们吃的东西,及其与饮食概念的交叉学科,也就是人们决定吃什么之后,如何区分其中的营养素
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Focusing on one nutrient is a losing proposition, according to some people, but there are others who say that, nope some nutrients prevail over others and are highly important compared to other things that you might be concerned with.
对一些人而言,只关注一种营养的多寡,就像是一宗亏本买卖,是一叶障目的,但还有其他人说,不对,某些营养比其他营养更关键,而且相比其他,营养更应成为需重点考虑的部分
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But I would like to give you some of the rudiments about nutrition, especially about how we measure nutrition and then what it means for health, and we'll talk more about that in the next class.
但我很乐意教给你们一些营养学基础知识,尤其是如何评估营养,及其对健康的意义之所在,下一堂课我们会更加深入地探讨
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