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There are two classes, two broad classes of drug sort of type ligands that are defined, agonists and antagonists.
这样的配体药物有两类,目前已经明确的配体药物大体上分为两种,分别是激动剂和拮抗剂
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Another example is in the nervous system, patients that have Parkinson's disease have too little of a natural ligand called dopamine.
另一个例子有关神经系统,帕金森氏病的患者,缺乏一种叫做多巴胺的天然的配体
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They prevent the ligand from reaching its natural receptor, and so that antagonizes or inhibits the function of the natural ligand.
它们能够阻止配体与受体的结合,这样就拮抗或者说是抑制了配体的功能
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Sometimes receptors, when they interact with ligands, create changes in what proteins are actually being produced by the cell.
有时受体与配体结合后,带来的变化实际是,决定细胞开始合成何种蛋白质
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That ligand was one for which the cell had a receptor that further encouraged it to produce more of the ligand.
对于带有对应受体的细胞来说,这种配体能够刺激细胞产生更多的配体
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There's not actually chemical covalent bonds that are formed but it's a non-covalent interaction, usually dominated by hydrogen bonding.
所以配体和受体之间不生成共价键,这是一种非共价化合反应,它们通常以氢键相联
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What are - this understanding of receptor-ligand interactions has been really the biological basis of much of the pharmaceutical industry.
受体-配体相互作用理论,现在已经成为很多,制药工业的生物学基础
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If it was sound that was being received that might be beating of a drum, for example, that sound gets transduced.
如果将配体看作是,有待接受的敲鼓声,声音信号得到了转换
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What insulin is doing inside your body is acting as a ligand for insulin receptors which stimulate certain kinds of cellular responses.
胰岛素在体内的功能就是作为,胰岛素受体的配体,刺激产生某种细胞效应
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All of the molecules are called hormones, so a hormone is another name for a ligand that operates in this endocrine fashion.
这些分子都叫做激素,那么激素就是在内分泌系统中,起作用的配体的另一种叫法
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The signal comes in the form of molecules which we're going to call throughout the lecture here 'ligands'.
信号通常以分子的形式来传递,在这门课里我们把这种分子叫做配体
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In the presence of this ligand, this molecule, it's open, it allows transport of this ion, when the ligand is gone it doesn't.
配体存在的情况下通道才打开,允许这些离子穿过,配体离开后,这些离子就不能通过了
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We're going to take these general topics and talk about how they work in the nervous system and the immune system next time.
在下节课我会讲这些内容以及,配体-受体系统在神经系统和,免疫系统中的作用原理
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In the case of a ligand-receptor, a chemical signal in the form of a concentration of ligand gets converted into a biochemical signal.
在配体-受体系统中,配体浓度这种化学信号,转化为生化信号
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They might have different ligands which stimulate them, but once they're stimulated they work the same way.
尽管激活它们的配体有所不同,但一旦被激活的话,接下来的机制就一样了
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They bind sometimes better than the natural ligand does, but they don't create the right biological reaction.
结合的比天然配体和受体的的结合更紧密,但不能产生相同的生物效应
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Depending on which cell you are you would call one the 'receptor' and the other the 'ligand'.
这取决于你将哪种细胞上的分子,称为受体,哪种称为配体
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An agonist is a substance that mimics the action of a natural ligand, and I show you a couple of examples of agonists here.
激动剂是能够模拟天然配体分子的物质,在这里我给出了一些激动剂作为例子
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Now, sometimes the agonist is the natural ligand itself and that's - an example of that is when you use insulin as a drug.
有时激动剂药物就是天然配体分子,例如将胰岛素作为药物使用
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Where your cells experience those states is through these extra cellular ligands called insulin and glucagon.
细胞所经历的这些状态改变是受,胰岛素和胰高血糖素这些外源配体影响
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It has a gate on it and that gate is in open or close state depending on whether a ligand is present or not.
在这个通道上有个门,这个门是打开还是关闭,取决于配体到来与否
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For example, what if I activated this cell by encouraging it to produce this particular ligand?
如果促使细胞产生这种特定的配体,以此来激活细胞 会出现什么结果
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Sometimes you can design drugs that act like a natural ligand without being the natural ligand.
有时你能设计具有天然配体功能的药物,但它不一定和天然配体相同
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The rest of these examples refer to receptors as I've been describing them and ligands that are soluble and can move around the body.
我接下来要讲的有关受体,以及能游走于体内各处可溶性的配体
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When these vesicles dump their contents into the synaptic cleft, the concentration of these ligands rise.
当这些小泡将其内含物释放入突触间隙,这些配体的浓度即增加
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This would an example of a substance that inhibits the action of a natural ligand and they can inhibit in a variety of ways.
这类物质能够以多种方式,抑制天然配体的作用
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Those receptors, some fraction of them, are specific for the ligand that the pre-synaptic cell releases.
这些受体 其中一部分,特异性地结合突触前细胞释放的配体
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If a ligand comes and interacts with a receptor, it opens up; In the presence of this ligand, if the ligand goes away, it closes.
如果配体与受体相互作用,在配体存在的情况下通道打开,如果配体脱离,通道就关闭
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The ligands are bringing some message, they transmit the message by binding to the receptor.
配体带有一些信息,它们通过与受体结合来传递这些信息
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This is, maybe, the strangest because the ligand that stimulates the receptor is produced by the cell itself; so sometimes cells make signals that they receive.
它可能是最奇特的,因为激活受体的配体,是由细胞自身产生的,有时细胞产生让自己接受的信号
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