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So, what we're looking at here is the force when we have two charged particles, one positive one negative -- here, the nucleus and an electron.
我们现在研究的是,一正一负俩个带电粒子之间的,作用力-在这里。
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But you can also look at it qualitatively, so, if you think about the force between the electron and the proton, you could just qualitatively think about what's happening.
但你也可以定性的来研究这个问题，所以如果你们考虑电子,和质子之间的作用力,你可以定性的来想。
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If nothing is touching the body, there are no forces on it, with one exception which is, of course, gravity.
如果没有实体接触,那么它就不受作用力,当然一个例外那就是引力
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There's the hard sphere. It wants to collide against the wall to create a force on the wall, and I have a couple of the hard spheres that are nearby, right, and in the absence of any interactions, I get a certain pressure.
给墙一个作用力,现在它的附近，还有许多小球,没有相互作用时,它将直接冲向这面墙。
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The 312 particles are held together in a nucleus by a force that involves the continuous exchange of meson-like particles called memo-ons.
12个粒子汇合与一个原子核里,连续不断的,叫做memo-ons的介子的交换给它作用力。
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By the way, when I say there's 10 Newtons acting this way, you might say, "What about gravity? What about the table?"
顺便提一下我说有 10 牛的作用力,你也许会问,"那重力呢,桌子对它的力呢"
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You can ask what the force that this quark will exert on that quark at a certain separation.
你会问,这个夸克对一段距离以外的那个夸克,有多大的作用力
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If you look at the electrical force, the force of electricity, proton and electron or something, it's not proportional to the mass of either object.
如果你考察电作用力,即电现象产生的力,质子啊,电子啊,或者其它什么东西,这种力不和物体的质量成比例
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You got to be good at writing down the forces acting on a body.
你得擅长列出物体上的作用力
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So, an electron has a charge of negative e, we've written here and the nucleus has a charge of positive e.
我们写在这，原子核带正e的电荷,我们看到作用力。
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OK, that's the hard sphere volume of the spheres.
有着相互作用力。
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We focus on one because we are paying for it, but the wall is doing the opposite.
我们只关注某一边因为我们只对这一边施力,但是墙对另一边有反向的作用力
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Whenever there is a force, it can be traced back to a tangible material cause, which is all the time a force of contact, with the exception of gravity.
如果有作用力,那它一定能找到一个明确的实体施力物体,也就是无论何时物体受的都是接触力,引力除外
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If the two forces don't cancel, you have a net force.
如果这两个力没有抵消,便会有一个净作用力
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This is the force exerted by the spring on the mass.
这是弹簧对物体的作用力
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Then, you have to ask, "What other force is acting?"
然后你要问,"还有哪些作用力呢"
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How do we know 10 Newtons is acting?
我们怎么知道是作用力是 10 牛呢
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This is the thing about action and reaction.
这就是作用力与反作用力
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You guys know there is the electrical force.
你们都知道电作用力吧
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So, we just talked about the force law to describe the interaction between a proton and an electron. You told me that when the distance went to infinity, the force went to zero. What happens instead when the distance goes to zero? What happens to the force?
我们刚刚讨论了描述质子,和电子之间相互作用力的定律,当距离变为无穷时,力变为零，那当距离变为,零时会发生什么？,这时候力是多少？
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Then the acceleration of the planet is the force of gravity between the planet and the Sun, which Newton will tell you is directed towards the Sun and it depends on how far you are.
行星的加速度源自,行星和太阳之间的作用力,牛顿认为这个力指向太阳,它的大小取决于行星离太阳有多远
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Then we may, from this equation, say a certain force is acting in a given situation by multiplying the m times the a.
然后根据这个方程,我们就能说,得到给定条件下的作用力,它等于 m 和 a 的乘积
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So, if we think about the force that occurs between a positively and a negatively charged particle, what we have is essentially a Coulomb force, so we can describe this as a force of attraction.
一个带负电的粒子之间，的作用力,这本质上就是库伦力，我们可以把它，描述成一个引力。
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They effectively have no volume.
分子之间也没有相互作用力。
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You are pushing down with the weight mg, and the floor has got to be pushing up with the mg, because the spring is not going anywhere.
你向下的作用力是重力 mg,然后地面向上的支持力也是 mg,因为弹簧现在根本没动
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