How can you marry a Latvian to begin with, if you're a Russian and marry somebody who was a commoner?

首先,一个俄国人怎么能娶一个拉脱维亚人,何况女方还是个平民

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

So, he remained very Russian, but it was the importation of more western ways of looking at things that were very important.

因此他还是一个很正宗的俄国人,但鼓励引进更西欧文明式的思考方式,这对于落后的俄国来说还是非常重要的

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

His father was a democrat in czarist Russia, and he was quite a reformer. At the time that the Bolsheviks took over in 1919, there was a brief window of time prior to the family's flight.

他的父亲在沙皇俄国是一个民主党人，他是一个改革家，当时布尔什维克党在1919年统治者俄国,他们家在那之后很快就离开俄国。

耶鲁公开课 - 1945年后的美国小说课程节选

He once said that if he wasn't the czar of all the Russians, what he would want to be would be an English admiral.

他曾经说过,如果他不是俄国人的沙皇,他会做个英国的海军上将

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Muscovy had been one of the tributaries of the Mongols, who sacked Kiev in the 1230s, after pouring into Russia and what now is Ukraine.

俄国曾是蒙古的进贡国之一,1230年代,蒙古人洗劫了基辅,蒙古铁骑涌入俄国以及现在的乌克兰

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

They lose, and they're forced to surrender Azov to the Turks after an unsuccessful war.

他们被打败,在一场战败之后,俄国不得不把亚速奉还给土耳其人

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Yet there's an enhanced sense of obligation to the czar of all the Russian people.

但每个俄国人对沙皇效忠的意愿,却被加强了

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Witness the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-1905 that the Russians lose.

904至1905年,日俄战争见证了,俄国人的失败

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Between Slavophiles and westernizers, those are the people that look inside Russia to finding what they think to be eternal truth and those people who want to temper such looks with a look to the west.

俄国现在有斯拉夫派和西化派,一些人是希望基于俄国国情找到一种永恒真理,而另一些人则是希望,调和西方文化和俄国本土文化

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选