So, he remained very Russian, but it was the importation of more western ways of looking at things that were very important.

因此他还是一个很正宗的俄国人,但鼓励引进更西欧文明式的思考方式,这对于落后的俄国来说还是非常重要的

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

He once said that if he wasn't the czar of all the Russians, what he would want to be would be an English admiral.

他曾经说过,如果他不是俄国人的沙皇,他会做个英国的海军上将

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

His father was a democrat in czarist Russia, and he was quite a reformer. At the time that the Bolsheviks took over in 1919, there was a brief window of time prior to the family's flight.

他的父亲在沙皇俄国是一个民主党人，他是一个改革家，当时布尔什维克党在1919年统治者俄国,他们家在那之后很快就离开俄国。

耶鲁公开课 - 1945年后的美国小说课程节选

Muscovy had been one of the tributaries of the Mongols, who sacked Kiev in the 1230s, after pouring into Russia and what now is Ukraine.

俄国曾是蒙古的进贡国之一,1230年代,蒙古人洗劫了基辅,蒙古铁骑涌入俄国以及现在的乌克兰

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Yet there's an enhanced sense of obligation to the czar of all the Russian people.

但每个俄国人对沙皇效忠的意愿,却被加强了

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Witness the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-1905 that the Russians lose.

904至1905年,日俄战争见证了,俄国人的失败

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选