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So maybe they were just shoved there by people fleeing the Roman conquest in 70 .So that's up for grabs.
不过或许这些经卷是在公元70年罗马征战期间,人们在逃亡途中摆在那卖的。
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We have a full text of the epic that was located in the library of Assurbanipal an Assyrian king. It's a seventh century copy of the story.
现在，在阿淑尔巴尼帕图书馆,保存着公元七世纪,这部书完整的原本。
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The Russian empire was rather like Charlemagne's empire in 800 in the coronation at Aachen or Aix-la-Chapelle and all of that.
沙皇俄国倒是非常像查理曼帝国,即公元800年在亚琛加冕称王的查理曼帝国
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But the New Testament includes ; all that kind of diverse literature; 27 different books, written anywhere from the year 50 to the year 150.
但是新约包括了,各类不同的文学;,不同的27卷书，创作于公元50年至150年间。
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What they also did around the year one thousand was to identify-- to label--these particular spots--spaces and lines.
在公元一千年左右,他们还制定了规范,来标记这每一个点,间和线
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According to this view, man is not merely the measure of all things as the Greek Sophist Protagoras had radically proclaimed in the fifth century.
根据这种观点,人不仅仅是衡量一切事物的标准,这是古希腊诡辩学家普罗塔哥拉,在公元五世纪提出的
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I think, a collection of epic poems written in Sanskrit that goes back-- it was actually written over a course of 1,000 years and it was completed in the fourth century.
这是本用梵文编著的史诗作品集,可以追溯到...,事实上这本作品的创作时间历时近千年,最终完稿于公元四世纪
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You work in a clothing shop in the City of Corinth, in Greece,in the year 56.
在希腊哥林多城的裁缝店工作，公元56年。
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There is a genre of literature that details the lives of saints, Hagiography, but that came later and is largely something we find in the Christian era.
有种文学体裁就是专门细节记录圣人生活的,圣徒传记，不过这出现的比较晚,而且大多是在基督公元之后。
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By the first century, when Christianity was coming around, it was not so much the place where you'd go to see necessarily high theater, like Sophocles or Euripides or something like that.
公元一世纪，基督教诞生时，当时的剧院,上演的并不是什么高级戏剧，比如索福克勒斯或者欧里庇得斯的戏剧。
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Well, the Persian Wars begin in 499 B.C.
希波战争是公元前四百九十九年爆发的
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But we have fragments that are much, much older that were found in Iraq.
但是，在伊拉克发现的,公元1800年前的残本。
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And some of these works are referred to as the Apocrypha-- so you will have heard that term.These are writings that were composed somewhere around here, sort of 200 BCE to 100 CE.
因为其中一些作品被认为是《次经》,你们中的一些人听我提到过《次经》，这些作品是,大约在公元前200年到公元100年之间整理的。
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Scholars of the Albright school pointed to texts and clay tablets that were discovered in second millennium sites. So you see down on the bottom the second millennium BCE, obviously going down to 1000; first millennium: 1000 to 0.
亚布莱特学院的学者们指的是,两千多年前的遗址中发现文件和泥板文献，你们看下面,公元前第二个千年，再显然的,往下到一千年；第一个千年是公元前1000年到公元元年。
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Remember,you're pretending you're a Greek person living in the year 56 in Corinth.
记住，你在假装一个希腊人,住在公元56年的哥林多城。
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When you get to say the middle of the nineteenth century and the work of the great English historian of Ancient Greece, George Grote, he begins his story in 776 with the Olympic Games.
十九世纪中叶,有一位研究古希腊的,伟大英国历史学家乔治·格罗特,他从公元776年的奥运会开始执笔
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Then on the other hand, at the other extreme, you have scholars who see the patriarchal stories as entirely fabricated retrojections of a much later age. And they vary significantly as to when they think these stories were written: anywhere from the period of the monarchy all the way down to the fourth century, some of them.
另一方面又是另一个极端，有学者认为族长故事完全是后世编造的,这样一来，对这些故事是什么时候写的,也有巨大的分歧：,其中一些人认为是在从君主制时期,到公元4世纪之间的某段时候。
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The first crowd to do stuff like that, you will find, in the fifth century B.C. In Greece is a movement called the Sophistic Movement.
你们会发现第一批做这种事情的人,是在公元后五世纪的希腊人,当时兴起了一种叫诡辩的运动
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We're going to look at what it meant in the first century.
而是着眼于它在公元一世纪的意义。
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We don't, of course, have any original copies of these materials as they came off the pen of whoever it was who was writing them, and in fact before the middle of the twentieth century, our oldest manuscripts and fragments of manuscripts of the Bible dated to the year 900.
我们当然没有任何最早时期那些笔者的,手稿，而且事实上,在20世纪中期之前我们有的最古老的手稿,和手稿碎片都是公元900年时候的。
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Hesiod, whom I have not mentioned to you before, a poet who we think to have lived around 700 B.C., very early in the history of the polis, wrote one of his poems called, Works and Days.
赫西奥德,我之前跟你们提到过的,是一个生活在公元七百年左右的诗人,那还是在城邦历史的初期,创作了一首名为《工作与时日》的诗歌
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Well,if you go back to the formation of musical notation from the ninth through the twelfth centuries we see that very early on these two dimensions of music the two axes of music that we talked about before pitch vertically and duration horizontally, are in place and we have these spots in this grid.
回顾一下从公元九世纪至二十世纪,音乐记谱法的历史形成过程,我们可以看出,音乐的两个维度,就是我们之前提到的音乐的两个轴,纵轴是音高,横轴是时值,在早期已经存在了,我们在这样的网格上用点记录
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Actually, later on at the end of the fourth century when Aristotle is writing his Politics, he makes really a very clear connection as to the style of fighting and the kind of constitution that you have.
事实上,公元前四世纪末,亚里士多德写下《政治学》的时候,他将作战形式与,政体之间的联系阐述得十分清晰
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