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OK. So if we have variables, one of the questions we can ask is, what's the type of the variable.
好，如果我们有了一个变量，我们要问的问题之一就是，这个变量的类型是什么？
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So what they do is, they're describing how these thermodynamic properties change, in terms of only state functions and state variables.
他们的作用是描述,随着状态函数和状态变量的变化，系统的热力性质如何变化。
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OK. Now, last thing about variables, and then we're going to start pushing on this, is where can you use them?
好，关于变量的最后一件事，然后我们就要，结束这个话题了，这个问题就是在什么地方可以应用变量？
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The square brackets here, meanwhile, say this is a special type of variable that's got multiple values inside of it.
这里的这个方括号，同时，说明这个是特殊的变量类型,里面有很多复合的值。
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These are called population measures because they refer to the whole population of possible outcomes and they measure the probabilities.
这些是用来度量总体的变量,因为他们对应的是总体中所有的结果,度量的是所有事件的概率
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One of the advantages of this is, that I don't have to worry about explicitly updating my variable. That happens for me automatically.
这样继续下去，这样做的一个优点是,我不用为更新变量来发愁了,程序会自动的为我进行这个操作，这一点很好。
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Right? I've allocated a variable, it happens to be a pointer; it's still a variable, who know what's in it, right?
对不？我分配了一个变量，它碰巧是一个指针，它还是一个变量，谁知道它里面是什么？
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It tells you what kind of molecule it is andgives you twovariables that are state variables You could have the volume and the temperature.
告诉你它是哪种分子,还给你了两个状态变量,它们可以是体积或温度。
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Takes a start and an end point, just going to bind local variable names start and end to those pieces.
有一个开始和结束点，就是去把局部的变量的名字,和这些点进行绑定。
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I've decided that I need to be able, in my program, to swap the value of two variables. All right.
我觉定在我的程序中，我可以，交换两个变量值，好的。
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So one of the things I would like to suggest is that you develop some good style here, and in particular, don't change types arbitrarily.
所以我的建议是,你们要养成一些好的编程风格，尤其是，不要反复无常的改变变量的类型。
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- When you say bracket one, you are storing -- you are referring to the variable here, bracket two.
当你指明，你在存储-,涉及到的变量在这里。
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That's just a graphical incarnation of this thing called an array and notice, the games can, in fact, interact with a human much like Wednesday, I'm leaving my house.
它其实是数组变量的,图形化，具体化，这个游戏实际上是与人交互的，如周三看到的，我正要离开我的房子。
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C So here I'm declaring a variable called c, and I'm pretty much translating the formula from the slide using the characters on my keyboard to a floating point value.
这里我声明了一个变量，然后我把那个幻灯片上的公式,用键盘上的字符翻译成了,浮点数值。
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So this is a nice little search-- sorry, a nice little sort algorithm . And in fact, it's relying on something that we're going to come back to, called the loop invariant.
恩，这是一个很棒的小搜索，抱歉，和很棒的小排序算法，事实上，它依赖于一些我们要回顾的东西,被称作循环不变量。
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I'd really like to have that modularity that says, I'm only going to get access to the values, not by calling their names, but by calling some specific method to get access to their names.
这样我们就丢掉了代码的模块化,我很希望代码有这样的模块化：,我访问变量的值，不是通过直接调用它们的名字，而是通过调用某个可以,访问这些变量名的方法来访问。
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If somewhere later on in the code it shifts to string, I might not be manipulating that and getting actual values out, but not what I wanted, and it's going to be really hard for me to chase it back.
然后后面的一些代码,把变量类型变为了字符串，我可能不会通过实际操作,去取得实际的变量的类型，但是这并不是我想要的类型,而且对我来说把类型，变回去也很困难。
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So when I do the analysis, I want to think about what am I doing here, am I capturing all the pieces of it? Here, the two variables that matter are what's the length of the list, and how many times I'm going to search it?
这里，要关注的,两个变量是列表,的长度以及我要搜索的次数,这种情况下，这个算法赢了？
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That there's a lurking variable which is just that people are more likely to be born in June.
人们的研究对象之中有一个隐藏变量,那就是大多数人都是在六月出生的。
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We'll see that there's actually compelling use cases for using the same names of variables in different context's.
我们将看到这是一个在不同环境中,使用相同名字变量的,一个案例。
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So the system will not be described by a single state variable during the path.
因此系统将不能被,路径上的单一状态变量描述。
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And when you declare a variable, whether as an argument or as literally a local variable, they only live inside of that function.
当你声明一个变量，不论是一个参数,还是一个局部变量，它们只存在函数的内部。
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And that's fine, because inside of curly braces can you redeclare variables with the same name if you intend to quote unquote shadow the previous variable.
那是可以的，因为,在花括号里面，你可以重新定义一个,相同名字的变量,如果你想引用之前的变量。
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And we won't wait here one hundred seconds for it to finish, but we're using the loop, we're updating a variable, and we're formatting it in a nice way.
我们将不会再这里等待100秒来等它完成,但是我们使用循环，我们更新一个变量，我们把它排成一个漂亮的格式。
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Then the second derivative gives the change in entropy with respect to the variable that we're differentiating, with respect to which is either pressure or volume.
二阶导数给出熵,随着变量变化的情况，这些变量包括压强或者体积。
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OK. The other piece I want to say about variable names is, once I have that choice of variable name, I can use it, but in fact there are a few things that I can't use in terms of variable names.
关于变量名字我还想说的,另外一点就是，一旦我对变量的名称可以选择，我可以用自己的方式命名，但是,有一些词汇是,不能用来命名变量的。
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I can just whip out a variable, this time it's gonna be dynamically stored there.
我们可以临时分配一个变量，将这个值暂时存放在这个变量中。
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I think of data hiding as basically saying, one can only access instance values, or, we'll call them that, instance values through defined methods.
一个人仅仅可以访问实例变量，或者，我们可以这么来说，通过定义好的方法，来访问实例的变量。
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That's different when you have continuous values-- you don't have P because it's always zero.
和离散型随机变量的分布不同的是,连续型随机变量的分布中,某一点的概率值始终是零
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So, these on-changing properties that describe the state of the equilibrium state of the system are called state variables.
这些描述,系统平衡态的,变化的属性,就叫做状态变量。
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