One way is to allow these bacteria to grow on a plate that is loaded with antibiotics like Ampicillin.

一种方法,是让这些细菌,在有大量抗生素如氨苄青霉素,的培养基上生长

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So what you get on the plate is many copies of the small number of plasmids that you've put in.

我们只要放入少量质粒,就能在培养基上得到大量的复制品

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Generally, there are a couple of elements that one might set down as in a Petri dish, and wait to see if some chemical reaction might take place, but not at all sure of what it might be.

一般来说，都有几个元素,作者会把它们像放入培养基中一样培养,等待某种化学反应的产生，但对可能的结果却一无所知。

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We'll talk about cell culture engineering during Week 4, how do you maintain cells in culture, what are the limits of this.

第四周我们会探讨细胞培养工程,人们如何在培养基中维持细胞的存活,这种方法的局限性是什么

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Now how do you find those colonies on a plate that have the plasmid that you want?

那我们如何辨别培养基上的哪些菌落,有我们需要的质粒呢

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

That's shown in this diagram as little colonies of bacteria that are growing on a plate.

图示上显示的是生长在培养基上的,一些菌落

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If this plate has Ampicillin in it, then the only cells that would be able to grow here are cells that have resistance to Ampicillin.

如果培养基上有氨苄青霉素,那么能在这里生长的,只有那些对氨苄青霉素有抗性的细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

You infect them with the virus, and you let the cells, in culture, produce the virus.

再用病毒感染它们,使培养基中的细胞产生病毒

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, you would grow these monkey kidney cells in culture, you would add some virus to the culture broth, the cells would become infected, the virus would go through its life cycle.

我们在培养基中培养这些猴肾细胞,然偶加入一些脊髓灰质炎病毒,这样细胞就会被感染,病毒开始不断繁殖

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In Week 3 you'll actually do some cell culture in the laboratory and look at cultured cells and learn how to manipulate, do some manipulations on cells and culture, and so on throughout the weeks.

第三周你们会在实验室里做一些细胞培养,看看培养基中的细胞都长什么样,了解细胞和培养基的有关操作,整个一周就做这些

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So cell culture production wasn't an option.

因此把细胞作为病毒培养基行不通

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

You've probably seen agar plates, if you smear a solution that's contaminated with bacteria on it, then that bacteria will grow on this agar rich medium and you'll get many, many copies of the bacteria that you've smeared at low density onto the plate.

你们大概见过琼脂培养基,如果将有细菌的溶液涂抹在培养基上,细菌就会在富含琼脂的培养基上生长,你会得到许多许多细菌,即使你只涂抹了低浓度溶液

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If we grew these cells on a plate loaded with Ampicillin and we could select cells that have Ampicillin resistance, and this process of selection and cell culture is very important and we'll talk about it more next week.

如果我们在含有氨苄青霉素的,培养基上培养细胞,我们可以筛选出,对氨苄青霉素有抗性的细胞,这个筛选和培养细胞的过程是很重要的,我们下星期会讲到这些

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

By taking cells from the skin, for example, or cells from your blood or cells from the bone marrow and keeping them alive in culture, we've been able to study how human cells work and learn a lot about the functioning of human organism.

举例来说,通过从人的皮肤,骨髓,或者血液中提取细胞,并在培养基中培养,就能研究人类细胞是如何工作的,并在一定程度上了解人类机体的功能

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选