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Somebody say it real loud. Yes, the system is working on the surroundings, right? It's pushing out against them.
有人很大声的回答了，对，系统在对外做功，他把外界向外推开。
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to validate the entire radio before it is released to the public.
以便在对外发布之前把所有的广播功能都测试一遍。
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They're both expansions. They'll both have net work done on the surroundings, but not the same amount, right.
是不同的，他们都是膨胀,都对外做功，但数量不同，对吧？
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The positive force of attraction of the electrons on the outside is greater and greater, and that pulls everything in.
所以对外层电子的吸引力,会越来越强，把电子们都向内吸引。
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But the United States has to free trade, and in that sense, it's likely to lean on the direction of keeping it open, the problems will arise if India does not reciprocate.
但美国非常坚决地,自由贸易，因而，其政策会倾向于,保持对外开放，如果印度不接受,这个机会营造互惠便会产生矛盾。
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That is, the goldsmith only had a fraction of the gold that was owed by the goldsmith.
就是说,只有一部分金子,是金匠对外的负债
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The date that's sort of typical for the general phenomenon of colonization coming out of the mother cities of Greece is again that date we keep talking about, 750 roughly.
殖民,成为这一典型时期的普遍现象,古希腊人离开故土,开始了对外扩张,也就是我们一再提起的时期,大约在公元前750年
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And now they are open to the public,
现在这些宅邸对外开放，
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And what we saw last time is that this was necessary to make things work, this part of it in particular.
上节课我们讲,这是对外做功的必要条件，特别是这个部分。
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And what we'll discover is that when we allow the gas to expand reversibly, we get the most work. This is neat.
最后将发现,当气体可逆膨胀的时候，对外做功最大。
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And that work is the area inside the rectangle.
但是对外做了功。
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And here, in an isothermal expansion, The bath is putting back the energy that the gas is expanding or using to expand, and so the energy is flowing back into the gas through the environment in the isothermal expansion.
而在等温膨胀中，恒温环境将气体膨胀对外做功,而损失的能量又返还回来，在等温膨胀中,能量从环境,流向系统。
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It cools down because I'm doing work but the energy has to go somewhere, right?
因为膨胀过程中,对外做功？
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There are all kinds of different definitions and companies like to do it their own way because they want to present themselves in the best way to the public.
有各式各样的框架,公司可以任意选择,因为公司都希望,对外表现自己最好的一面
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So the way I've got things written here, q1 Heat's flowing from the hot reservoir to the engine that runs in a cycle.
我把这些都这些这里，是正的，q1，is，positive,热从高温的热源,传到循环工作的热机，对外做功。
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Did no work. Does that mean du is zero?
没有对外做功，这是否意味着du=0？
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Now you can actually go, now that I realize that Libya is now open; it's no longer a closed territory.
现在你确实可以去那个地方,据我所知,现在利比亚已经对外开放,不再是一个封闭国家
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I guess he was involved in the dissemination of information for the company, so he kind of knew how they did press releases.
我猜他参与过,公司信息的发布,因此他知道公司是怎样对外发布消息的
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OK, so that means heat is being imparted to the system, right, from the surroundings in a manner that compensates exactly the amount of work done.
好，这表示系统,从外界吸热,吸收的热量与系统,对外做功的值相等。
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You couldn't just run something successfully in a cycle and get work out of it, using the heat from the hot reservoir, without also converting some of the heat that came in to heat that would flow into a cold reservoir.
如果一样东西在循环工作过程中,只有热从高温热源中流出，而没有热流入低温热源，那么此过程,不可能对外做功,不可能把所有热。
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So, the way it has worked out in practice is that companies, when they have a major announcement to make, they have some kind of web event.
因此,现实中上市公司的做法就是,当公司需要对外公布一条重大消息时,会利用互联网这个渠道
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The purpose here is to look at a series of processes in which temperature is held constant, and we're going to calculate how much work we get from allowing a gas to expand under various conditions.
目的是让大家了解一下,几个保持温度不变的过程，然后我们将计算,气体在不同膨胀过程中,的对外做功。
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I don't know if it actually mentions the internet but it's--the Regulation F.D. basically says that whenever a company announces information it has to be available almost instantly to everybody in the market.
我不确切F.D.条例是否涉及网络,但F.D.条例要求,任何一家上市公司对外发布公告,那么这条消息就必须,即时传达到市场上,告知每一个人
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