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The same nations and the short life expectancy of birth probably the lowest quality of life in other areas.
这一数字在下降，在上述国家,新生儿预期寿命较短，某些区域生活质量极低。
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What I plot on this graph here is as a function time, years, dates, life expectancy as a function of time.
在这儿的这张图是,一个关于时间,年,日期的函数,将寿命长短作为时间的函数
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it's a pity that I'm going to die or die too soon, but at least I'm getting more than the average.
我死得太早是很遗憾，但至少我活得比平均寿命长。
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God saw that he had to limit the life span of humans, or risk creating an enemy that was nearly equal to him.
上帝发现他限制了人类的寿命，否则就是冒险创造了与他平等的死敌。
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But since life expectancy in the Ancient World was much less than ours, you didn't have usually several generations in these households, because older people just died.
但是古代人的寿命没我们长，一般不会出现几代同堂，因为年纪大了去世了。
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If you offer life insurance, you have life tables which give you probabilities of dying at various ages, but that's for the general population.
如果你提供人寿险,你会找张寿命表,告诉你各个年龄段的死亡率,但那是针对普通人群的
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People lived shorter lives and so they didn't get far enough into the age span to suffer from the chronic diseases that people are suffering more today.
当时的人寿命比较短所以他们,活不到现代人那么长,长得足以患上那些慢性疾病
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You can think, " look, "the average lifespan in the United States " is whatever it is, 82 years.
你可以说，“美国人的平均寿命,“是82岁。
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You can keep people alive for many decades with periodic dialysis to remove waste products from the blood.
通过周期性的透析除去血液中的代谢废物,可以使病人寿命延长几十年
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But what's even worse is I'm going to get even less than the average amount of life.
但更糟糕的是,我活得比平均寿命还要短。
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One of the other things that happened during the twentieth century is that human life expectancy increased dramatically, people started living a lot longer.
在二十世纪发生的另一大变化是,人类的寿命预期显著增长了,人们活的更久了
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For every person who has less than the median amount of life, there's another person who has more than the median amount of life.
对于活得比平均寿命短的人来说，有一个人,活得比平均寿命长。
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So one of the reasons there is a huge increase in life span is because people aren't dying of things that they would have in prior years.
寿命范围显著增长的一个原因是,人们不再死于,以前那些致死的东西
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Well, we might say, let's look at it from two basic perspectives, those who get less than the average lifespan and those who get more than the average lifespan.
我们可能会说，我们从两个基本角度来看，即那些活得比平均寿命短的,还有那些活得比平均寿命长的。
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One was in the 1600s when people started constructing life tables.
例如在十七世纪时,人们开始制作寿命表
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From the point of view of somebody who gets less, this is obviously a bad thing.
从那些寿命较短的人的角度来看，这显而易件是件坏事。
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There are people who are basically screwed by the fact that they get less than the average amount and people who are benefited by getting more than the average amount.
有些人为此而感到痛苦,因为他们活得比平均寿命短,有些人则得到了额外好处,因为他们活得比平均寿命长。
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Back in the 1840s, life insurance was very important because the average expectancy of life was only something like forty-five years, so that meant parents were dying left and right.
在19世纪40年代的时候,寿险是非常重要的,因为当时的人均期望寿命,仅为45岁左右,这意味着双亲平均只能活到45岁
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There are cells within your body that are always in the process of division and forming new cells, and sometimes this is for a tissue where cells only have a finite lifetime.
你体内的一些细胞,始终在不断分裂,并生成新的细胞,很多时候,是在一些细胞寿命有限的组织中
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Life expectancy for humans has increased dramatically.
人类的预期寿命已有显著提高
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Well, it was fairly low, right?
如果人们的平均寿命是45岁
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It's perfectly fine, but they envy us for our finite lifespans, because what we've got and they don't have is something that's for each individual rare-- something that's not lasting, something that's precious in that way.
不朽很好，但他们羡慕我们的有限寿命，因为我们有而他们没有的是,对每个人来说稀有的东西-,不会永远持久的东西，从那个层面讲珍贵的东西。
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The real insurance industry, as I mentioned before, began in the 1600s with the invention of probability theory and with the invention of life tables for-- the invention of actuarial science; but, it grew slowly.
正如我刚才所提到的,真正的保险始于17世纪,这得益于概率论,寿命表以及,精算学的产生,但是,它的发展很缓慢
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The red blood cells that carry oxygen only live within your circulation for about a month and so you have to continually be replacing cells that are dying and so there are cells that are proliferating.
携带氧的红细胞,在你的循环系统中的寿命只有一个月,因此你必须持续不断地更新衰老的细胞,所以就有在增殖的细胞
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What is a life table?
什么是寿命表
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But we might then wonder, for every person who gets less than the average amount of life-- suppose we take the median, take the amount of life that's exactly, 50 percent of the people get more, 50 percent of the people get less.
但是接着我们可能会想，对于所有活得比平均寿命要短的人-,假设我们取中间数，相对于平均寿命，刚好五成的人活得更长，五成的人活得更短。
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The expected life spans increased dramatically in the last couple of hundred years until now, for people that were born when you were born you can expect to live to be 80 years old, a doubling in life span, fairly dramatic.
从几百年前到现在,预期寿命显著增长了,你们同期出生的那批人,能够活到八十岁,预期寿命增长了一倍,令人印象深刻
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