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So when you see the word "book" in ancient Greek or Latin, they didn't think of this. They thought of scrolls.
当看到古希腊语或拉丁语的书这个字，他们不会想到这个，他们会想到书卷。
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Some copies of the Septuagint contain some books not included in the Hebrew canon but accepted in the early Christian canon.
有些希腊译本中的经卷不被收录在,希伯来文圣典中却有被早期基督教正经收录。
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As we read this passage, we sort out Christian myths from Egyptian myths, or let's say we sort out from what with Milton be Christian truth from Egyptian myths.
当我们读这段时，我们把基督神话从希腊神话中挑出来，或者说我们把弥尔顿所说的基督的真理,从希腊神话中挑了出来。
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And his proposals for the reform of poetry, especially Homeric poetry, represent clearlya radical departure from Greek educational practices and beliefs.
而他建议改革诗学，尤其是荷马诗学，清楚地代表着彻底地背离,希腊教育实作与信念。
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But what the Greeks spent most of their time doing was fighting each other, one hoplite phalanx against another hoplite phalanx.
但是希腊人在大部分时间里都是方阵对抗,一个步兵方阵和另外一个步兵方阵对垒
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He knew Greek at the age of three, Latin at eight, and age 10, he wrote "A History of Roman Law."
三岁就懂希腊文，八岁时懂拉丁文，十岁的时候写了《罗马律史》
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And this is based on the story, the mythical story of a king who killed his father and married his mother.
名字来自于一个故事，一则国王弑父娶母的希腊神话。
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You are no longer like a son to me and like your father, my first husband, 'Ere this kindly Greek took pity on me."
你不像我的儿子，而像父亲，我的第一个丈夫，埃瑞是希腊人，这个好人总是可怜我“
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So you don't pick up a document that has a whole lot of Greek, or what looks like Greek to you and wonder "Where do I even begin?"
所以你们不要拿起一篇上面一大堆的希腊语文档，或者对你来说那像是希腊语，然后想知道：,“我该从哪里开始？“
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The word polis appears in Homer, but it means something different from what it means throughout most of Greek history.
城邦"这个词首先出现在荷马史诗,但是它在这里的意思,与在希腊历史中的意思不同
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So, this will be significant as we talk about how the Greeks differed from them, which gets us to the Greeks.
而希腊与这些的区别将是我们讨论的重点,让我们回到希腊的话题上
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The Jews were not considered Greeks, but at least they were higher in status in Alexandrian law than local Egyptians.
犹太人不是希腊人，但在法律规定却比当地埃及人地位高。
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Alexander defeated the Persian Army, which at that time controlled all of Asia Minor, Modern Turkey, and had even threatened to control Greece.
亚历山大大败波斯军队，波斯人当时控制了整个小亚细亚，现代土耳其，甚至扬言要占领希腊。
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But it actually referred more politically to all of the male citizens, and in Greek cities, by tradition, only men were citizens of a city.
但是政治意义上特指全体男性公民，在希腊城市里，按传统，只有男子才算城市公民。
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They only exist in Greek." So they said,"We're not going to accept those as part of the Old Testament."
它们只是用希腊语写成“所以他们说,“我们不承认它属于旧约“
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I won't unpack them all for you now but every one of those details comes from some interpretation of a particular Greek term that Christians used.
现在无法一一破解给你们听,但是所有这些细节都来自,基督教徒所使用的希腊语。
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Why? This is not a Greek tradition, but it's very much a tradition in the East for kings to be considered by their people to be gods.
为什么呢？这并不是希腊传统，但在东方，统治者被人民尊为神明,却是一个重要传统。
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And the reason it was called 'the naked place' is because, of course, young Greek men always exercised in the nude and played sports in the nude.
之所以叫“裸体之地“是因为，年轻的希腊男子训练时总是裸体,运动时也是裸体。
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Alexander, of course, had been educated by Aristotle, when he was young, and so he had adopted Greek language and Greek literature and a lot of other Greek ways.
亚历山大本人幼年时，师承亚里士多德，所以他使用希腊语，熟悉希腊文学,以及各类希腊文化。
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Let's flip back a step beyond that to Mycenaean civilization for the purpose of noting the great contrast, the great change.
让我们跳回到迈锡尼时代,比较看看两者间巨大的差异,也就可以明白希腊的巨大进步了
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Anyway, connected to all of this was a very interesting Greek myth, which speaks about the return of the Heraclides.
无论如何,和这一切有联系的是一个有趣的希腊神话,说的是赫拉克利德后裔的回归
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When you go to Greece do the obvious, go where the tourists go and Delphi is one place not to miss.
当你们去希腊旅游的时候随大流吧,别的旅客去哪你们就去哪,德尔斐是必经之地
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We're talking about a culture when we're talking about the Greeks, which is most strikingly signified by the language that is spoken.
当我们谈论希腊人时我们是谈论希腊文化,是严格以所使用的语言为主要标志的
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But for right now, all you need to know is that all of these generals, although they were Macedonians and spoke Macedonian and not themselves Greek, but they had, just like Alexander, they had adopted Greek language, Greek culture.
不过目前，你们只要知道所有四位将领，虽然都是马其顿人，说马其顿语,不是希腊人，但是他们和亚历山大一样，使用希腊语，希腊文化。
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