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And so, Rutherford had a fellow working in his lab by the name of Geiger. And, Geiger invented a detector.
卢瑟福的一个实验同事,叫做盖革，他发明了一种探测器。
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So, what we know is happening is that were having transitions from some excited states to a more relaxed lower, more stable state in the hydrogen atom.
我们知道，这里所发生的是,氢原子从激发态到更低更稳定的态的跃迁，而我们用眼睛可以探测到的。
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These are photodetectors, band gap two electron volts, respond to visible light.
这是光电探测器，能带隙为2电子伏，当它反应于可见光。
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If you hook a soul up to a body, you can tell the soul was there, by what the body is doing.
如果你通过身体探测灵魂，你可以知道灵魂在那，根据身体在干什么。
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It works by a control mechanism called negative feedback, and the thermostat is measuring the temperature and then sending a signal to a heater somewhere.
是通过一种叫做负反馈的控制机制,探测器测量温度,再把信号传给加热器
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So, our detection devices are a little bit limited here today, we're actually only going to be using our eyes, so that means that we need to stick with the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
我们今天所有的探测仪器十分有限，实际上我们要用我们的眼睛来观测，这意味着我们只能看到,电磁谱中的可见光区间。
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We have a zinc plate up here, and we're going to -- in a minute I'll describe how we can probe if electrons are coming off of it.
我们有一块向上的锌板，我们将在一分钟内描述,我们是怎样探测出,是否有电子从上面射出的。
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You can take these big risks of time, and if at the end of the day there's nothing to detect, you still know how to build a detector.
如果最后你什么都没测到，你至少知道了,怎么造一个探测器,所以如果你们。
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As an undergrad, you don't have to worry about it, you're just worried about learning.
我们还要造一个新的探测器,这会不会太浪费时间？作为一个本科生,你就不用担心这个了，你可以在上面花时间。
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They are made of organic matter:the same rules, the same laws of chemistry that apply to what makes this laser glow green apply to what makes these photodetectors work.
而是由有机物制作的，同样的规律，它与应用于让激光的光芒变绿,以及使这些光电探测器工作,的化学是一样的规律。
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And what he used was a detector here, so he here could detect how many particles were hitting this detector.
粒子打中了探测器，这个探测器是他,和他的一个博士后叫Hans，Geiger的人。
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So it turns out that we can, in fact, use the energy levels to predict, and we could if we wanted to do them for all of the different wavelengths of light that we observed, and also all the different wavelengths of light that can be detected, even if we can't observe them.
事实上我们可以用能级预测,而且如果我们想的话，我们可以,对所有观测到的光的波长预测，也可以对所有探测到的光预测,即使我们看不到它们。
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You would make an excuse and say the detector isn't working.
你可以找个理由,说探测器坏了。
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So, some people might say, why are we doing this?
如果我们把探测器放到旁边的地方？
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If the temperature drops below a certain level it sends a signal, 'turn on the heat', and that signal stays on until it gets a negative signal to turn off.
如果温度降到一定程度以下时,探测器会发送一个信号,打开加热器,直到加热器再收到关闭的信号,它就会一直开着
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In addition to studying molecules and making molecules, some chemists Tim Swager want to detect molecules, and a chemist who likes to detect molecules TNT is Tim Swager. So, Tim Swager's lab has designed sensors that detect vapors, Fido and so they will detect TNT, for example.
除了研究和制备分子,有些化学家想要探测分子,其中的一位就是，他的实验组设计了用来探测蒸汽的感应器,可以用来检测比如说,而且他把化学应用到这个机器人手臂里，他们叫它。
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And what we did was he put two detection plates on either side of these cathode rays, and when he put a voltage difference between these two plates, he wanted to see if he could actually bend the rays and test if they're actually charged or not.
但没有实验证明这件事,这就是Thomson所做的，它在阴极射线旁边放两块探测板,他想通过看当他,在两板之间加上电压后,阴极射线是不是会。
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And this is exactly what happened with Marsden who discovered that when he shot the alpha particles at the gold foil he detected something on his detector that click, click, click went a little bit faster.
而对于Marsden来说,就是这样，他发现当他用alpha粒子,轰击金箔的时候，探测器哒哒哒得更快了,他发现一分钟。
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So, what he detected was that there were 20 alpha particles per minute.
可以探测到20个alpha粒子,这个听上去很重要吗？
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