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And then he makes some comments about how,well, ; he could never pick cotton fast enough; he's just not able to do it as black men are.
于是他对采棉花进行了一些评价，他觉得自己永远没法采摘的够快;,没法像那些黑人一样迅速。
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Or was it more the 1830s when you've got this booming cotton production happening finally in Alabama and Mississippi and Louisiana?
又或者是从18世纪30年代起,当阿拉巴马,密西西比和路易斯安那州,的棉花产量大范围高产时吗
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And when he goes picking in the cotton fields, he imagines that he could be a slave.
当他去采棉花的时候，他把自己想象成一个奴隶。
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S'mores, OK S'mores, okay that sounds--all possibilities.
棉花糖,好,棉花糖,好,大家猜的都有道理
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The slave trade revolving around tobacco or cotton or coffee or sugar would tend to mix slaves and laborers from different language backgrounds, in part deliberately, so as to avoid the possibility of revolt.
为了获得烟草,棉花,咖啡,或糖块的奴隶交易,会将来自不同语言背景的奴隶,和劳动者们混在一起,这也在某种程度上,谨慎地避免了可能的造反
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By the 1820s, already, within a decade of the War of 1812 and the opening of the frontier, cotton's future seemed limitless.
截至十九世纪二十年代,这其中包括了1812年开战的十年战争,以及边疆的开拓,棉花产业的未来似乎无限
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And he was sold for $1000.00 to an Alabama cotton planter who came up to Richmond twice a year to buy slaves.
他被以一千美元的价格卖给了一个每年两次,来里士满收购奴隶的亚拉巴马棉花种植主
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It was affected by the major American depressions of 1837, 1857, but not as much as the North.
棉花产量只在两次美国经济大萧条时期,1837年57年受到影响,但损失远不及北方
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Not entirely accurate about that either, from what we now know about the profitability of slavery and the profitability of the cotton crop.
这点其实也不完全正确,因为我们已经讲到过,奴隶制和棉花作物能产生巨大的经济利益
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But his older brother, Joseph, went out to Mississippi and struck it rich in cotton.
但他的哥哥约瑟夫,去了密西西比并且依靠棉花种植致富
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Good old Eli Whitney, it's his fault we had the cotton boom and slavery grew, and you get sort of Eli Whitney to the Civil War.
伊莱·惠特尼发明的轧棉机,促使了棉花产业兴盛和奴隶需求量猛增,可以说惠特尼在某种程度上导致了内战的爆发
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How successful was the cotton boom, how important was the cotton boom, what is the relationship between the spread of slavery, the spread of cotton, and power?
棉花业的兴盛是如何的成功,如何的重要,奴隶制的传播,与棉花业的兴盛,以及权利的扩散之间有什么关系
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And 72 hours by train he found himself on a huge cotton plantation, near Pickensville, Alabama, on the in west central Alabama, on the Mississippi border, at 14-years-old.
在搭乘了七十二小时的火车后,他发现自己身处亚拉巴马的皮肯斯维尔附近,一个巨大的棉花种植园中,在亚拉巴马西部的中心,密西西比的边界,那年他仅仅十四岁
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Already by 1825--that early the South was the world's largest supplier of cotton and fueling now this Industrial Revolution in textile production in Great Britain and other places.
截至1825年,南方是全世界,最大的棉花供应者并且促进着,在英国和其他国家的,纺织工业的发展
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The cotton crop nearly doubled every decade from 1820 to 1860.
从1820年到1860年,棉花的产量每十年就翻一倍
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Now, how powerful-- was the cotton boom once it took hold?
棉花产业,是怎么让南方发家致富的呢
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Jefferson Davis is, in fact, a classic example of the cotton boom planter.
实际上,杰斐逊·戴维斯,是棉花种植者暴富的典型例子
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Four decades in a row the production of American cotton nearly doubled.
美国棉花产量翻倍的传奇,持续了四十年
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The South had its greatest cotton crop ever in 1860.
860年棉花产量是南方有史以来最高的
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A number of men, as one historian has written, I think quite effectively, "Mounted from log cabin to mansion" and I quote "On a stairway of cotton bales accumulating slaves as they went."
一些人就像一位历史学家写的那样,我觉得非常犀利,引述一段,"小木屋通往大厦的阶梯正是由,奴隶们用棉花包堆积成的"
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And Thomas Jefferson described the people of the North this was in the 1780s now, this is before the cotton boom and all that he described the people of the North this way.
托马斯杰斐逊描述了北方人民,那时候是十八世纪八十年代,还是在棉花产业兴盛之前,他是这么形容北方人的
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One of the most famous and one of the most prolific was a man named Charles Colcott Jones who owned a huge rice and partly cotton plantation system in low-country Georgia, just south of Savannah.
其中一位著名的多产农场主名叫,查尔斯·考克特·琼斯,他在乔治亚的低地,拥有大片的良田和一部分棉花种植园,就在乔治亚州东南部一城市
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Sea Island cotton, the kind of cotton grown down there in the Georgia where it was first grown in North America in the Georgia, South Carolina islands, was a kind of long and silky kind of cotton.
乔治亚州,有种海岛棉,最初是生长于美国北部的,在佐治亚州的南卡罗来纳州岛上,最初有一种柔软光洁的棉花
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On cotton.
靠的就是棉花
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They weren't very successful in growing it in huge amounts, but that short stapled cotton that eventually was the form of cotton that the cotton gin made into such a massive, marketable world product, is what made the cotton boom boom.
岛上的居民想大规模种植但没有成功,因而海岛棉,这种粗绒棉,逐渐成为了棉花产业的主流,轧棉机的发明成为了种可大量生产,且有利可图的产品,也因而棉花产业越来越兴盛
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But if you look at 1860, the bottom map, if you can vaguely see those deep, dark, red areas, you can see where cotton moved, where slavery moved in the domestic slave trade, and then where Southern political power moved.
看看1860年,就在地图的最底部,如果你们能看到这些深红色的区域,你们就能明白棉花种植地的扩大,是如何导致奴隶需求量扩大的,同样变化的还有南方政权力量
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And one of the best analogies you can think of is the oil rich nations of the world in post-World War Two, in the post-World War Two era, whether it's Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Iran, the Emirates, or Venezuela, name--today Russia.
做个非常恰当的类比,你们可以把棉花想象成,二战后时期的石油,想想沙特阿拉伯,伊拉克,伊朗,阿联酋,委内瑞拉,和今天的俄罗斯吧
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