This cation is attracting the chloride next to it and it is repelling the sodium as the next nearest neighbor.

这一阳离子被邻近的氯离子所吸引,并排斥钠离子,因为这是其最邻近的离子。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

We started with gaseous sodium to make gaseous sodium ion and gaseous atomic chlorine to make gaseous chloride ion through electron transfer.

我们从气态的钠开始,得到气态的钠离子,从气态的氯原子,通过电子转移得到氯离子。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So chlorine, if we talk about it in terms of electron affinity, we would be writing that we're actually gaining an electron here, and getting the ion, c l minus.

那么，氯，如果我们要讨论它的电子亲和能，我们会假设它真的得到了,一个电子而变成离子，负一价的氯。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

The ones that are most important in physiology are ones that only allow ions to go through: sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, bicarbonate.

在生理学上这种,只能允许某种离子通过的通道十分重要,这些离子包括钠离子,钾离子,氯离子,钙离子和碳酸氢根离子

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So now, let's get a sodium here, and the chloride ion next to it to the point where they are touching.

所以，我们要有一个钠离子，和氯离子放在,相互接触的一个点上。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

I think I had managed to get to this point here where I show what happens when the cation, here sodium, is in contact with the anion here, chlorine.

我想我能回到这儿,当阳离子，在这里是钠，和阴离子，氯离子接触会发生什么。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

And, we're going to look at what happens as the chloride ion moves from infinity in towards the positive ion.

然后我们要看一下,当氯离子从无限远处逐渐靠近,这个正离子会发生什么。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So, if we have energy that's released, would you say that the chlorine ion is more or less stable than the chlorine atom?

那么，如果我们放出了能量，你认为氯离子比氯原子,更稳定还是更不稳定呢？

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, the sodium over here and the chlorine over here, they will be attracted to one another.

当钠离子和氯离子在一块时，它们会相互吸引。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So, in other words, this c l minus is actually lower in energy than the reactants were.

也就是说，负一价氯离子,比原来的反应物的能量更低。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And there is this separation which is a balance of attractive forces because the chloride is net negative and the sodium is net positive, but both of them, regardless of net charge, have electrons.

这里有一个平衡,引力的平衡,由于氯离子带有负的净电荷,钠离子带有正的净电荷，但是它们两个，没有考虑净电荷，电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

And now I have to convert atomic chlorine into ionic chlorine.

下一步我将氯原子,转化为氯离子。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

And the chloride is net negative.

而氯离子带负电。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

That's a very large number, it's all relative, so you don't necessarily know it's large without me telling you or giving you other ions to compare to, but chlorine does have a very large affinity, meaning it's really likes getting an electron and becoming a chlorine ion.

这是个非常大的数值，这种数值都是相对的，因此你不一定能知道这是非常大的,除非我告诉你或给你另外离子数值作为参考，但是氯确实有很高的电子亲和能，这意味着它非常乐意得到一个电子,而变成一个氯离子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, this is the chloride ion. It's over here.

这是氯离子，把它放这儿。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So, for example, in an electrochemical cell, it would be possible to take the sodium ion, give back its electron, and convert it into a metallic sodium, take the chloride ion, remove its electron, and restore chlorine gas.

所以，例如一个电化学的电池，它可能带有钠离子，让它得到电子，把它变成金属钠，得到氯离子，让它失去电子，作为氯气储存。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

Chloride minus. Isoelectronic with argon.

氯离子，与氩的电子数相同。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

Chlorine would become chlorine minus.

氯会变成氯离子。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So, for example, if I have a sodium ion over here, and I have a chloride ion over here, where the distance from center to center r I'm denoting as r, this is nucleus to nucleus separation.

所以，比如这有一个钠离子，和一个氯离子，它们中心与中心间的距离,我把它设为，这是原子核和原子和的间距。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

r+ And let's say that sodium has a radius, r plus, r- and chlorine has a radius, r minus, when r is very large in comparison to the radii of the ions, I don't need to draw them this way.

让我们假设钠有半径，是，氯也有半径，是，当r比离子半径大很多的时候，我不需要这样来描述。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选