We have hard evidence of that in Egypt, in Asia Minor, and in the Tigris Euphrates Valley.

而在埃及,小亚细亚,和两河流域却找不到类似的证据

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The real sort of typical home of the kinds of things were talking about is Mesopotamia, modern Iraq, the Tigress, Euphrates Valley, which spread out beyond Iraq and went up into Syria and neighboring places.

我们所讨论的这些旧文明中的典型大约,起源于美索不达米亚,即现在的伊拉克,在底格里斯河,幼发拉底河流域,其范围超过了伊拉克,还包括叙利亚以及邻近地区

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Again, I want to say it's the because in Egypt the whole Nile Valley-- because I think of the nature of the Nile Valley-- became totally centralized, under the rule of one man, the Pharaoh, and he commanded the whole thing.

我想强调的是,由于在埃及的整个尼罗河流域,当然,我认为尼罗河流域的政权性质,是完全集权化的,法老是唯一的统治者,并且他控制着所有事物

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选