Pluripotent stem cells that are capable of self-renewal to generate themselves and are capable of dividing into both bioloid and lymphoid progenitor cells.

多能干细胞,是能够通过自我更新进行自我生成的细胞,也能分化成髓系祖细胞,或者淋巴祖细胞

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This pluripotent stem cell is able to self-renew and it's able - generating committed progenitors of either the myeloid or the lymphoid lineage.

这种多能干细胞能自我更新,也可以生成定向祖细胞,可以是髓系祖细胞或者淋巴祖细胞

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It's capable of forming all these different cells but it's not capable of forming lymphocytes.

它能生成以上所有不同的细胞,但不能生成淋巴细胞

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So, the classes of T-cells: macrophages, natural killer cells, these are a class of cells that's particularly important called dendritic cells.

这类T淋巴细胞包括巨噬细胞,自然杀伤细胞等 统称为树突细胞,树突细胞尤为重要

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They both proliferate, increase in number, and they differentiate; they differentiate from immature B-cells into antibody producing cells.

淋巴细胞将迅速增殖,数量大幅提高,同时发生分化,幼B淋巴细胞分化,形成能够分泌抗体的细胞

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The antigen has to be presented to helper T-cells, those helper T-cells have to stimulate a B-cell population to both proliferate and differentiate.

抗原需要被呈递给辅助性T细胞,这些辅助性T细胞需要激活B淋巴细胞,使其增殖和分化

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Another stem cell called the lymphoid stem cell is capable of forming the B and T lymphocytes.

另一种干细胞称为淋巴干细胞,能够生成B细胞或者T细胞

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So, that's antigen presentation to this population of cells called cytotoxic T-cells, Tc, a subset of the class of T-cells in the immune system.

这些细胞被呈递给另一种细胞,这些细胞被称为细胞毒性T细胞,是免疫系统中T淋巴细胞的亚群中的一种

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So not all of the B-cells that are stimulated become plasma cells or antibody secreting cells.

所以,并不是所有的B淋巴细胞,被刺激分化成为,浆细胞或是抗体分泌细胞

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Now, for antibody production it is still a T-cell that recognizes the antigen presenting cell.

现在,抗体的产生,仍是源于T淋巴细胞识别出抗原呈递细胞

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Some of them become what are called memory cells.

一部分B淋巴细胞成为记忆细胞

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Now, these Th-cells, helper T-cells, go on to stimulate B-cells, and it's these B-cells that become the mature antibody producing cells that make quantities of antibody that fill up in your body.

这些辅助性T细胞,进一步刺激B淋巴细胞,从而使这些B淋巴细胞,逐渐发育成成熟的抗体生成细胞,可在体内产生大量抗体

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Some are called lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes.

有些称为淋巴细胞,B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞

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So, either stimulates the production of-- and differentiation of B-cells, to produce a specific antibody that can neutralize the virus, or stimulates the production of cytotoxic T-cells that can kill infected cells within your body.

所以,疫苗的刺激要么能够,促进B淋巴细胞产生和分化,以生成特定的抗体来杀灭病毒,要么刺激T细胞释放细胞毒素,杀死身体里被感染的细胞

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Cells share signals with each other, and that leads to activation of a specific cell population if we're thinking about a vaccine that produces antibodies, that leads to activation of B-cells, immature B-cells, which do two things.

细胞与细胞之间存在信号传递,而这将激活特定的细胞群体,如果是一些能够产生抗体的疫苗,抗体将会激活B淋巴细胞,幼B淋巴细胞,使其发生两种变化

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