-
What's happening there? Well, the selection of reactants has been done judiciously to provide either heat or to provide something that's cool.
就会感到这东西，比如说变冷了，对吧？,这里发生了什么？这些反应物都是,被仔细的选出来的，能够提供热量或制冷。
-
However, the thing to remember is, when you look at heats of reaction under those conditions it's all well and good.
相反，需要记住，当你需要知道反应中放出的热量时,这些量是很有用的。
-
One is that 2,000 calories is the average for the typical person, but, of course, people have greatly differing calorie needs.
一是2000卡路里是常人所需的平均值,当然,人们需要的热量是大大不同的
-
All right, so this is the heat flowing in or out of the system, and these are all functions of state.
好的，这就是系统的热量变化,这些都是态函数。
-
Adiabatic meaning there's no heat involved, and we're going to see how that differs from the isothermal expansion and compression.
绝热意味着没有热量的传递，我们将看到它,与等温过程的区别。
-
qB This must be heat q B, right. So again, but now let's also look at our special function.
这个不是，这应该是热量，对吧？所以又一次，这些是我们熟悉的。
-
Now, the coefficient that relates the amount of heat in to the temperature change is obviously going to be different for these two cases.
在这两个例子中,很显然联系热量和温度变化的系数,是不一样的。
-
The relationship between heat and work was initially proposed in the 1940's by Joule.
热量和功的关系首先是,由焦耳在1940年提出的。
-
So, in a sense, it says, you know, if you wanted to build a boat that took energy out of the warmth of the air to sail around the world, you can do that.
因此，某种意义上说，它宣称如果你想要造一艘船,通过从空气中获取热量,这是可以做到的。
-
We know it has to big anyway, since we can extract heat from it without changing the temperature.
我们知道它必须很大，因为我们得从中提取热量,但不改变它的温度。
-
So we don't really need to put in a certain amount of heat and change the temperature of the products and the calorimeter and so on.
所以我们实际上并不需要输入,一定的热量，改变生成物,和量热计的温度之类。
-
Fat has twice the calories per unit weight that protein or carbohydrate sugar has, as a consequence, has the greatest survival value.
单位重量中脂肪的热量含量,是蛋白质和碳水化合物的两倍,因此,脂肪才是最能维持生存的物质
-
What does come out, which is very useful is, if you do run the reaction, here's how much heat comes out.
能得到的结果是，如果我们进行这个化学反应，有多少热量放出，当然这也是很重要的。
-
You calculate how much heat is released in the reaction. And then what's going to matter is what's the heat capacity of the whole, of the calorimeter?
就是计算在反应中,放出了多少热量,接下来关键的是,整个量热计的热容是多少？
-
You take the third one, and you go from one to the other, and you see whether heat flows, when you touch one object, the middle object, between those two objects.
第三个物体就可以作为温度计,将它与第一个物体接触，再与第二个物体接触，观察它们之间热量流动的方向。
-
You can take heat energy and convert it to work energy and vice versa, and it doesn't say anything about that you have to waste heat if you're going to transform heat into work.
你可以把热能便成功,也可以反过来,但它对于如果你要把热变成功,就必须浪费热量这件事只字未提,它只是说这是能量。
-
And it's for that whole unit that you've got some heat capacity. How much heat does it take the warm the entire thing up or the insides of the thing up by a degree? It's that number right.
由这个单位你能知道,一些热容的信息，要让这整个装置,或里面放置的东西,升温一度需要多少热量？
-
It either had work, got its heat from the surroundings, or it got worked on by the surroundings.
系统从环境中，得到热量。
-
So, you need some sort of property, something you can see, something you can measure, that tells you that heat has flowed.
所以，你需要某种性质，某种你能看到，能测量的东西，它会告诉你热量发生了流动。
-
It's not going to be zero this time because we have non zero heat exchange between the system and the environment, right.?
热力学量，但是现在让我们看一下,我们的特殊函数，这次它不会是零,因为系统与外界的热量交换并不是零，对吧？
-
OK, so let's go through this and see what we would do which is to calculate the heat and the work. This is well insulated.
好的，让我们开始然后看看,我们该怎样计算热量和功的大小,这是完全绝热的，所以。
-
q2 So it's got q2, w and it's got a cycle w.
得到的热量是，有一个循环，功是。
-
Just to be clear, so it's heat extracted over the work in.
这等于取出的热量除以做的功，我重写一下这个式子。
-
Men will need more calories than women, people who are very active will need more then people who are less active, etc.
男人所需的热量多于女人,活跃的人比安静的人需要更多的热量等等
-
But also, switching out the trans fat in another kind of fat doesn't change the calories at all.
同样地,用其它的脂肪来代替,反式脂肪酸不会改变食物的总热量
-
Did--were people surprised by the number of calories that you total up at the end of the day?
有没有人对自己一天的热量摄取量,感到吃惊的
-
If there's no heat flow between the b and c, then I can say all right, a and c were the same temperature.
如果在与之间没有热量流动，那么我就可以说，好吧与处于相同的温度。
-
And we had the similar statement by Kelvin about the heat engine that required that some heat gets dumped into a cold reservoir in the process of converting the heat from the hot reservoir into work.
相同的陈述,同样的有开尔文表述：,把热量完全从高温热源,转移至低温热源的过程中,必然有功的输出。
-
You need a substance and then that substance has to have a property that changes depending on the heat flow, i.e., depending on whether it's sensing that it's the same temperature or different temperature than something else.
你需要某种物质,它的某种性质,随着热量的流动而改变，也就是说,依赖于它是否感觉到它,与其他的物体处于相同的温度。
-
So we know that in each case the heat is going to be the opposite of the work, but the work isn't the same in these two different ways of getting from here to here, right. So let's just see it explicitly. Here's our qA.
所以我们知道在每种情形下功,与热量相差一个负号,但从这里到这里，在这两条路径,中的功是不同的，对吧？,那么让我们明确地看一下。
应用推荐