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Life has only recently got better for hard of hearing patients with the development of modern hearing aids and cochlear implants.
直到近年来,随着现代助听以及耳蜗植入设备的开发,听力障碍病人的生活才有了改善,不过，有了新技术。
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So seeing, firsthand, how patient reaction works and what it's like to be an actual doctor,
所以你瞧，第一手经验，病人反应怎么样，真正当医生什么样，
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But it can be acquired in the air, from patients that are from- from other individuals that are infected.
天花会通过空气传播,通过病人和其他感染者呼出的空气传播
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How many psychologists or psychiatrists prescribe "? "run three times a week and see me in the morning"?
多少心理学家或精神科医生规定病人,“每周跑步锻炼三次，早上来见我？
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Damasio tells a case of one of his patients who was under the pseudonym here of Elliot.
达马西奥讲了一个他病人的例子,这里化名为埃利奥特。
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Now how it might be able to offer some quality of life improvement for these patients.
现在，我们如何帮助这些病人,提高他们的生活质量。
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Five of them sustain moderate injuries, one is severely injured, you could spend all day caring for the one severely injured victim but in that time, the five would die.
其中五人伤势不算严重，另外一人受重伤，你可以花上一整天时间,来医治这一名受重伤的病人,但那另外五个病人就会死。
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Transfer one hemisphere,the patient wakes up.
移植一个半脑的时候，病人也会醒来。
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I have a patient in cardiac arrest and we're going to St. John's Mercy.
我这里有个心脏停跳的病人,我们正在去医院的路上。
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He was at his dentist and they used to give gold fillings in those days.
他在他牙医的诊所,并且他们曾经常常给病人补金牙。
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by, you know, curing the sick and making them, like actually seeing them get better,
治疗病人，比如让他们变得更好，
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The other is that it's possible to get stem cells from patients, from bone marrow.
另外一个原因就是从病人的骨髓中,取得干细胞是可行的
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You are not a psychopath, and you are alive.
说明你不是精神病人，也还没死。
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I mean the problem is, say, Freud says to a patient, " Freud says, "I'm right."
问题是，比如，弗洛伊德对病人说，弗洛伊德就会说，“我是对的“
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The patient--Freud says, "You hate your mother," and the patient says, "No, I don't.
又比如，弗洛伊德说，“你憎恨你的妈妈“，然后病人答道，“我才没有。
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Fungi which don't often cause infections in people with healthy immune systems but can under some circumstances, and can be tremendous problems in patients that have weakened immune systems.
真菌在免疫系统健康的情况下通常,不引起感染,但在某些情况下也会感染,那就成了极大的问题,在免疫系统脆弱的病人体内
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It's another example of Biomedical Engineering technology that allows us to look at what's happening inside an individual, a patient, in a totally different way than we were before.
这不失为是生物医学工程的另一个例子,它让我们以一种全新的方式,得以了解,病人身体内部发生了什么
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But I would primarily focus on this emerging new class of prostheses that aims to read information out of the brain to help some of the most paralyzed patients.
但是，开始我想重点介绍这一新兴的脑接口,旨在解读大脑外部的信息,帮助严重瘫痪的病人。
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You see a bleep going across the screen to indicate that they've got their finger on the pulse of what's happening, or you see it in TV shows like ER.
你们看到一个亮点在屏幕上来回跳动,来显示病人脉搏的,跳动情况,就像在急诊室的故事,这类电视中看到的那样
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Arthroscopic surgery in one sense is a fancy example of that, a way of looking inside a joint to see what's happening inside while the person is alive and without hurting them.
关节镜手术就是一个极佳的例子,使用该技术我们可以一窥关节内部,而不影响病人的生命,也不会过分痛苦
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Dialysis is done millions of times per day in this country and around the world, and keeps people alive when their kidneys have failed and they wouldn't survive for even a week without dialysis.
在美国乃至全世界,每天进行着上百万次的透析,肾脏丧失功能的病人靠透析得以存活,如果没有透析他们活不过一个星期
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The danger is that it's being purified from patients that have a disease and so you want to make sure that there's not other diseases that are present in that sample at the same time.
危险在于,这是从带有疾病的病人,身上纯化出来,因此你想确保,在那个样本中不会同时,携带其它疾病
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Is the only reason that you as a doctor won't yank the organs out of the healthy patient that you think, well, if I use him in this way, in the long run more lives would be lost?
这就是唯一原因,让你作为医生,不会偷摘取体检病人的器官吗,因为你认为，如果你这样利用他，长远来看，会导致更多人丧命？
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So what is shown here is the potential solution to potentially read out neural signals dragged from the brain and use these signals after some interpretations or decrypting if you will to drive prosthetic arms or computer cursors on the screen.
大家现在看到的是一种可能的解决方案,有助于解读病人大脑发出的神经信号,同时在经过翻译或者解码之后,使用这些信号，驱动假臂,或者电脑屏上的光标。
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You can keep people alive for many decades with periodic dialysis to remove waste products from the blood.
通过周期性的透析除去血液中的代谢废物,可以使病人寿命延长几十年
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This time, you're a transplant surgeon and you have five patients, each in desperate need of an organ transplant in order to survive.
这次你是一名器官移植医生，你有五名病人，每名病人都急需器官移植才能存活。
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With it also being in mind that we can also help less disabled people, still severely disabled, for example with arm amputation, but perhaps less so.
同时，我们想我们也能够帮助到,那些伤残程度不像他们这么严重，但是也属于较重伤残的病人，比如胳膊被截肢，或者稍微轻微一些的病人。
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There's other disorders of language such as receptive aphasia where the person could speak very fluently but the words don't make any sense and they can't understand anybody else.
还有其他的语言障碍,诸如,接收性失语症,患有这种病的病人,语言流畅,但所讲话语没有任何意义,而他们也无法理解别人的话语
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Transfer the entire brain,the patient wakes up.
移植整个大脑的时候，病人就会苏醒。
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This process, I said, this ancient process of taking scabs from patients and introducing them to people you wanted to protect, was called variolation.
这个过程,我想,这个从病人身上取痂,接种到你想保护的人身上的古老过程,叫做天花接种
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