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For a real gas it depends on more than the temperature STUDENT: Are there any other constraints similar to that .
而对实际气体，这是不对的,它的内能不仅仅依赖于温度,学生：有其他,类似的约束吗？
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We need to find more creative ways to discipline our students and to maintain control in the classroom.
我们需要用更有创意的方法约束学生，维持课堂纪律。
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Instead, we have a certain energy, we have certain geometric constraints, we have a certain energy constraint and these fall out.
然而，我们有确定的能量，我们有某些几何约束，我们有某些能量约束。
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You take fuel, rather you take something that's warm, and you put it in contact with the atmosphere, it cools down.
改变约束,继续加热,气体膨胀。
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The Hobbesian state will always exist in a world of hostile other states, unregulated by some kind of higher law.
即国家总是存在于,一个充满敌意的世界里，而且总是被更高的法则约束着。
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Because in an under-constrained problem there could be multiple solutions. So suppose I want to capture all of them or print all of them out.
因为在一个非约束性问题中,可能会有多组答案,所以假设我想把它们,全部获取或者全部输出。
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And the reason is that even in the state of nature, there is a kind of law.
因为即使处在自然状态下，仍受某种法的约束。
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The Corinthians are free; they will be violating no law or sacred bond if they say, sorry we really don't feel like doing that.
科林斯人可以自由选择,帮还是不帮,如果他们说对不起,我们不想帮忙,他们没有违反任何法律或某种神圣约束
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Is to say, okay now let's try to enrich the model, to add more into the model, and see if you get a different result, and if so why?
好吧,那我们就来完善这个模型吧,给这个模型加入新的约束条件,看看会不会得到不同的结果,如果是再分析原因
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We have the compelling, official authority of the new state licenser, and Milton pits that external state of power against the powers of reason and against the powers of conscience that, of course, were seen to govern human action from within -- an internalized authority.
我们有新政府的出版控制者的强迫的官方统治，弥尔顿陷入了外在的政府权力和推理的力量,以及良心的力量的对立，当然，被认为是从内化的统治约束人类行动。
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dw=0 Well for constant volume, dw is equal to zero.
约束是恒定体积，此时。
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Yet each of us will be confined it seems to only one task in the social hierarchy.
但我们每一个人都会被约束,这在社会阶层中看来似乎仅是一项任务。
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So, we have, we're interested in the change in internal energy for various experimental constraints.
我们感兴趣的是,在各种实验环境约束下内能的改变。
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We kind of feel like it's going to be different because it's a different constraint.
我们猜想这两个值不同,因为两个过程的约束不同。
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The brothers desire to hear justice praised for itself alone, and that seems to be expressive of their own freedom from mercenary motives and incentives.
这对兄弟档,想听到正义自我礼赞，这似乎也显露出,他们不受金钱目的,及奖励约束的自由。
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Now we are going to do the same thing with a different constraint.
我们来看看,另一种约束下的过程。
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Our constraint is going to be an adiabatic expansion or compression.
现在约束改成了,绝热膨胀，或者压缩。
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The constraint has to change. I've added a constraint.
必须改变约束条件。
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And, what's the constraint I've added?
我会增加一个约束，然后我应该？
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Liberty means the absence of constraints or impediments to action.
现代自由意味着人们的行动,将免于他人的妨碍或是国家的强制约束。
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Somebody else -- yeah?
增加什么约束呢？有人知道吗？
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So, to confine the individual, it seems, to one and only one sphere of life would seem to do an injustice to the internal psychological complexity that makes each of us who we are.
所以，将个人约束在，唯一一个人生阶层之中似乎不公,因为忽视了,内心的复杂度,而这正是让我们每一个人显得独特的原因。
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What about the one about many candidates?
那么多个候选人的约束条件呢
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How do they enforce their contracts?
他们怎么能用强制力约束合同
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Now we have the unconstrained vision.
还有人性不受约束的观点。
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Some people want to have these to be many and for them to be very binding, others want them to be very few and not very binding, and that's an argument one can get into.
有些人认为惯例更多一些,更有约束力一些,而有些人却认为惯例的限制少一些,这是争论所在
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And what I want to do now is illustrate a case study of what I mean by nature constrained and why it is so important for happiness, for wellbeing, for long-term success to have the constrained view of human nature when it comes to our psychology that is.
现在我想演示一个案例研究,说明我所谓的本性受约束的含义,为何它对快乐，幸福，长久的成功如此重要,当论及到我们的心理时,人性受约束观点很重要。
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And people who have the constrained vision think that our instincts, our inclinations, our basic nature is immutable, accepted.
执有人性受约束的观点的人认为,我们的本能，欲望，我们的本性是永恒的，唯有接受。
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I want to show you how easy it is to change the code. But, notice, once I've added this I actually have a problem. This is now an under-constrained problem. I have more unknowns than I have equations.
我加上这个条件后,我马上面临一个问题了,这就是现在是一个非约束性问题了,我的未知数比方程数多,你从代数中可以知道。
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