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When we have an isolated system, the criterion that determineswhether something happens spontaneously is the entropy has to increase.
对于孤立系统,决定一个过程是否自发发生的判据为：,熵必须增加。
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So essentially it's something that has to come from within the community, with the support, but it really is an evolution.
所以，从本质上来说，人权观念的改变,必须是在帮助下的群体自发觉悟，而且是一种发展。
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OK, clearly we'd be much better off if we had some systematic quantitative way to tell whether something would happen spontaneously.
好，如果我们有一些系统定量的方法来判断,一个过程是否会自发进行,那就会更好了。
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You have therefore one world, - and in fact this whole dream of Alexander-- and it was a very self-conscious, propaganda campaign and a cultural campaign on Alexander's part.
成为一个世界，事实上，亚历山大的这个梦想-,对于他本人来说，是一场自发的宣传运动及文化运动。
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What we've done is take this spontaneous response to the creation of sound and bodily movement with sound and replaced it.
我们所做的就是,对于声音的产生以及身体随声音的活动,做出自发式的反馈,并且进行替换
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So, we have a kind of image there of the autonomous aesthetic pleasure, right, the pleasure of imagination that's taken alone, according to one's own thoughts rather than in some broader, more social form.
好了，这就是一种自发的美学享受的情景,对，这就是独自幻想的乐趣，它出自人自己的想法，而不是一些更宽广的概念，不是一些更社会化的形式。
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These kind of natural and spontaneous arrangements are not global, they're not big enough and important enough.
这种自发性的商议,并不是全球性的，它们的规模不够大，也不那么重要。
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The New Criticism isn't interested in spontaneous overflows of powerful feelings.
新批评派对这种,自发的感情流露不感兴趣。
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this happens spontaneously, you actually get energy out of the reaction as this happens.
这是自发的，当反应发生的时候,你会自发地放出能量。
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And it follows qualitatively from just your ordinary observations a bout the direction in which things go spontaneously, right.
定性地来说,就是你们日常生活中观察到,自发进行的物理现象,会有方向性。
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The equilibrium state is the one, and it's just one, in which there are no spontaneous changes that can take place to any other state.
平衡态是一个，而且仅仅是一个态，这个态不会发生自发变化,变成其他的态。
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That tells us the direction of spontaneous change for ordinary processes, chemical processes, mixing and you name it, under conditions that are easy to achieve in the lab.
这个物理量告诉我们在实验室,能够实现的条件下通常的过程，化学过程，混合以及你所能想到的过程，自发进行的方向。
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So now, now that we've got all three of the major laws of thermodynamics, what I want to start in on is a discussion of what happens spontaneously.
现在既然我们已经得到了,热力学的三个主要定理，我想现在开始讨论的是,什么过程会自发进行。
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So, this is not yet that idealized speech that Kerouac is dreaming of when he writes the list of Essentials for Spontaneous Prose.
所以说，这还不是凯鲁雅克写自发性散文的要素那张单子时,所理想中的语言。
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We'll see that next time, and then we'll generalize in a broader sense to look at the direction in which spontaneous processes go. ?
我们下节课将讲述这方面的内容，然后会进一步推广到更广的意义上去,研究任何自发过程,的进行方向？
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So we now have a real usable criterion to help guide our understanding of whether things happen by themselves of their own accord or not.
所以我们找到了一个非常有用的判据,这个判据能够指导我们,弄明白变化是否,是自发发生的。
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So now we have a different sign for delta H and it still happens spontaneously.
现在自由焓的变化的符号不一样了,但是这个过程仍然自发的进行。
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That's our condition for spontaneous change.
这就是自发变化的条件。
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You know the heat isn't going to flow from a cold body to a hot body without putting some work in to make that happen.
大家知道热量不会自发地,从冷的物理流动到热的物理,除非对它做功。
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I mean, Heidegger raises the interesting fact that we spontaneously recognize something.
我的意思是，海德格尔提出,我们自发地认知。
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So, people naturally and spontaneously make arrangements to share risks.
所以，人们自发的,商定共同分担风险。
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And the motivation for choosing a pair like that is easy to see, if we look at our condition for spontaneous change or general condition.
我们这样选择的动机,很明显，如果考察我们所考虑的自发变化的条件,或者更一般的条件。
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And I didn't specify the conditions, but if we were to do this under ordinary chemical conditions of some, you'd say room temperature and pressure, right, they all happen spontaneously.
我并没有特别说明反应条件，但是如果我们在通常的化学条件下,实现这些化学反应，比如在室温和大气压下下，他们都是自发的。
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In general, the second law gave us the Clausius inequality for spontaneous change.
一般来说第二定律给出了,自发变化的克劳修斯不等式。
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Just to illustrate the kind of issues that we're up against here, let me just consider a few different chemical reactions, all of which happen spontaneously.
为了说明我们的观点,考虑一些，不同的化学反应，这些化学反应都是自发进行的。
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What do we do to tell whether that change will happen spontaneously?
我们如何才能知道,这个变化是不是自发的？
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So here are some spontaneous chemical changes Here's one.
这有一些自发进行的化学反应,这一个。
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Sort of direction of spontaneous change.
自发过程的方向。
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It's the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.
它是自发的感情流露。
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That tells us whether the change is spontaneous.
这可以告诉我们变化是否是自发的。
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