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Milton wants to write an epic that in some ways comes before, or prevents, the great epics of Homer and Virgil.
弥尔顿想写一首在某种程度上先于，荷马和维吉尔伟大史诗的史诗。
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Now Milton may not be able to forget Homer, but he is able to correct Homer or to preempt Homer.
弥尔顿不能忘记荷马，但他可以改正荷马或者取代荷马。
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And his proposals for the reform of poetry, especially Homeric poetry, represent clearlya radical departure from Greek educational practices and beliefs.
而他建议改革诗学，尤其是荷马诗学，清楚地代表着彻底地背离,希腊教育实作与信念。
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The word polis appears in Homer, but it means something different from what it means throughout most of Greek history.
城邦"这个词首先出现在荷马史诗,但是它在这里的意思,与在希腊历史中的意思不同
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With a plot furnished by Homer, against a setting by Dante, and with characters motivated by Shakespeare, Ulysses is really not as difficult to comprehend as critics like to pretend."
荷马设置的情节，但丁提供的背景，莎士比亚推动的角色，《尤利西斯》真的不像,评论家鼓吹的那样难懂“
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When you were a young boy, you would've studied just reading and writing Homer.
希腊男子在幼年时，要学习阅读书写荷马史诗。
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Hundreds of years before the birth of Christ, Homer described the fate of the companions of Odysseus who were transformed by a witch into pigs.
在公元前几百年,荷马这样描述奥德赛的几个同伴的命运,一个女巫将他们变成了猪
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This is an analogy as old as, and found in, Homer.
这是在荷马史诗中就发现的类比。
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In that respect, it has a kind of priority over the hells or the underworlds of Homer and Virgil.
在这一点上，它优胜于荷马与维吉尔笔下描绘的,那些地狱或阴间。
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Homer was in error, Milton told us, and Milton called on the moral voice of Spenser to help him make that moral judgment against Homer.
弥尔顿告诉我们荷马错了，他还要求斯潘塞的道德之声,帮助他做出反对荷马的道德判断。
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The language of Homer and of Virgil and of Pindar and of Ovid had become an inextricable part of his literary imagination and of his consciousness in general.
荷马，维吉尔，品达尔和奥维德的语言,成为弥尔顿文学想象还有文学觉悟中,无法摆脱的一部分。
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Well, let me turn to another aspect of the story of Homer and how the poems play into Greek society.
接着让我们转向荷马史诗的另一方面,看看诗歌是如何融入希腊社会的
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But in Homer the term is reserved for Agamemnon or for gods, but not for any other human being.
但《荷马史诗》中这个位置给了阿伽门农,或者是上帝,而不是其他人
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But secondly again Homer and the poets sing the virtues of men at war.
另外，荷马与其它诗人,歌颂战士的美德；
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The only precedent Milton would have had even for the idea of line numbers would have been the great ancient classics, the magnificent Renaissance editions of Homer and Virgil.
弥尔顿曾经的唯一一个范例，甚至是印上行数的想法,都将是伟大的古老杰作，是荷马和维吉尔伟大的再生版。
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Plato's critique of Homeric poetry in the Republic is two-fold; it is both theological and political.
柏拉图在《理想国》中,批评荷马诗学有两层含意;,同时是有关神学与政治学。
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He doesn't even give Homer the credit of being singular in having composed The Iliad. "They" -- who's "they"?
他甚至都没有给荷马创作《伊利亚特》中的非凡才能,以应有的名分，“他们“--谁是“他们“？
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Like Homer and like Virgil, Milton intends to soar above the wheeling poles of the visible world and describe the otherwise invisible comings and goings of the gods.
像荷马和维吉尔那样，弥尔顿想屹立于现实世界之上,去描绘无形世界中上帝的来来往往。
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But we quickly see that the people referred to as Basileus in Homer are not like the great King of Persia.
但回溯一下那些在《荷马史诗》中被称为,巴赛勒斯的人,却并不像波斯王那样强大
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And of course, the kings when we see them in Homer do not have a bureaucracy, do not have scribes.
当然,从《荷马史诗》中所看到的那些国王,他们没有官僚作风,没有随身抄写员
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He can't even bring himself to say, "Thus he relates, erring," so powerful is this defense against Homer.
他就不能说“因此有关他的，都是错误“,这对于荷马的抵触是这样的强烈。
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That means that he has to expel from his system not just Homer, not just Virgil and Dante, but also his better teacher, Edmund Spenser.
这意味着他不得不从那个体系中脱离出来，不仅是荷马，维吉尔和但丁，还有他的良师埃蒙德·斯潘塞。
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And finally, Barry Strauss says, "Ironically, the more Homer exaggerates, the more authentic he is as a representative of the Bronze Age."
最后,巴里·施特劳斯说道,"讽刺的是,荷马越是夸大其辞,他就越真实的代表了青铜时代的史实"
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There are no arguments in Homer's Iliad or Odyssey. You hear strong and compelling stories but no arguments.
没有辩论存在于荷马的《伊利亚德》,或《奥德赛》书中，你可以读到强烈,与令人信服的故事，但没有争辩。
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They had even obtained, with the help of the attendant spirit, Haemony the magical herb Haemony with all of its Homeric associations, but this, too, seemed inadequate to the task of rescuing their sister.
他们甚至在随从的帮助下拿到了，有所有荷马史诗联系的神奇的草药，但是看来这些对于解救妹妹的任务来说都是不够充足的。
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He can reject the beauty of Homer, he can reject the beauty of Virgil, but he can also reject -- and this has got to be an even greater challenge, perhaps -- he can also reject the help of his Christian teacher, Edmund Spenser.
他可以抗拒荷马和维吉尔的文采之美，更加了不起的是，他可以抗拒,来自他基督教派的老师,埃蒙德·斯潘塞的帮助。
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And then Milton goes on to explain that this is exactly what Homer did.
然后弥尔顿继续解释到荷马就是这么做的。
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Well, Homer has his heroes using chariots and we know that chariots were used in warfare in the Bronze Age around the Mediterranean Sea.
荷马史诗》的主角们所使用的战车,我们知道在青铜时代的地中海地区,二轮战车被广泛运用于战争
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Milton would insert into the printed text of his poem his own anticipation that his epic would receive the same universal approbation as Homer's and Virgil's.
弥尔顿会把自己的预想也写进他的诗里,他认为自己的史诗也会得到普遍的认可,就如荷马和维吉尔的史诗。
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And then later on in the story that Homer tells in the Odyssey, Odysseus himself is such a newcomer.
但在荷马写的《奥德赛》这一节中,奥德修斯也是外乡人
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