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Glucose has to get into cells, that's the main source of energy source that cells use, metabolism of glucose.
但葡萄糖又必须进入细胞,因为它是细胞能量的主要来源,即通过葡萄糖代谢产生能量
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It does so because there are some molecules in the surface of the membrane that allow glucose to move in and out.
而这个过程的完成依赖于,膜表面存在的一些分子,这些分子能够将葡萄糖运进或者运出细胞
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If you look at sources of these different carbohydrates, the glucose comes from fruit.
如果你研究这些不同碳水化合物的出处,水果中含有葡萄糖
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Individual cells of the pancreas are capable of - of a healthy pancreas are capable of both sensing glucose and secreting insulin.
每一个健康胰腺细胞,都可以感知血液中葡萄糖浓度,并分泌胰岛素
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Glucose is a great example of that and we're going to come back to that a little bit later in the lecture.
葡萄糖就是一个很好的例子,我们会在稍后讲解这个内容
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In order for glucose to enter our body it has to go through the cells.
如果葡萄糖要进入身体,它必须穿过上皮细胞
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Under the monosaccharides, glucose, fructose and galactose are the sugars.
单糖包括,葡萄糖,果糖,以及半乳糖
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They're used by the body for pretty immediate energy where fat is a little bit more long-term energy, and there are many types of sugars-- and these are things that you've heard-- glucose and sucrose being the most common things that you can consume in ordinary foods, and then lactose of course, from milk.
碳水化合物被身体当做是直接能源,而脂肪则更像是一种长期能量,糖的种类有很多,这些类型你们已经听说过,葡萄糖和蔗糖是最常见的形态,你们可以在一般的食物中获取,乳糖,显然来自于乳类
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That's how tight the junctions are, not even a small molecule like glucose can pass between them.
可见胞间连接多么紧密,甚至像葡萄糖这样小的分子也不能通过
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If a cell membrane was indeed just a lipid bilayer, then glucose could never enter the cell because it can't permeate through cell membranes.
如果细胞膜只是一个脂质双分子层的话,葡萄糖就不可能进入细胞,因为它不能渗透过细胞膜
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It could be that that signal is 'you need more glucose', and so the cellular response is to create more glucose transporters to bring more glucose into the cell.
这信号还可能是,"需要更多葡萄糖",细胞的反馈就是,产生更多的葡萄糖载体,将更多的糖分子输送进细胞
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You have elevated insulin levels, you have high fasting plasma glucose, so the blood sugar that we talked about before, impaired glucose tolerance, and an elevated triglyceride levels, low HDL cholesterol, , and hypertension.
像是高胰岛素水平,空腹血糖高,之前讲过的血糖也是,葡萄糖耐量降低,高甘油三酯水平,HDL胆固醇水平低,以及高血压
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Because of that, if I eat something that's rich in glucose, so it has lots of sugar molecules, the sugar molecules can't pass between the cells.
因此,如果我吃了富含葡萄糖的食物,尽管其含有很多的糖分子,但糖分子不能从细胞间通过
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In order for it to get inside the cells and go through them there have to be transporters which specifically allow glucose to pass into the cell and then out into our body.
为使其能进入并穿过细胞,肠上皮必须具有葡萄糖特异性的转运蛋白,使葡萄糖能够穿过细胞进入体内
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Those are called glucose transporters.
这些分子叫做葡萄糖转运载体
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