In the case of France again, they are the work of a brilliant military engineer called Vauban, v-a-u-b-a-n.

例如法国,在佩皮尼昂 里尔 蒙梅迪等地方,这样的要塞城镇随处可见

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Again, when you traveling around Europe, if you're lucky to do that, you'll see these big fortified towns.

如果你有幸能周游欧洲的话,你会见到那些大型的要塞城镇

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

It just means a physical place, and what it appears to be is the citadel, the fortress that was the center of the towns that grew up after the Bronze Age, after the collapse of the Mycenaean world.

它只是一个物理上的地名,它看上去像城堡,要塞,是在青铜时代完结,迈锡尼世界崩塌之后,所建立的城镇的中心

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选