In the latter the public departments execute the law by investigating and prosecuting illegal behaviors, and apply punishments directly, fines and mulct owe to the country not to the victim.

公法责任则通常主要依赖公共执法机制，即由国家执法机关对于违法行为调查起诉或直接施加惩罚，罚款或罚金归于国家而不是归于受害人。

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In the latter the public departments execute the law by investigating and prosecuting illegal behaviors, and apply punishments directly, fines and mulct owe to the country not to the victim.

公法责任则通常主要依赖公共执法机制，即由国家执法机关对于违法行为调查起诉或直接施加惩罚，罚款或罚金归于国家而不是归于受害人。

youdao