North American native-English speakers will often substitute other vowels for /a/. For example, the Japanese city of Yokohama might be pronounced ; sayonara (Japanese for 'goodbye') ;and Paris .

北美地区英语为母语的人经常将/a/标记成其他元音，比如日本城市横滨（Yokohama），可能会被读成；日语中表示“再见”的sayonara，就被标记成，还有巴黎Paris 。

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The researchers analyzed music and 20 native Tamil and American English speakers for a variety of sound and tone parameters.

研究人员分析了音乐和20种当地泰米尔语以及美语的各种声音和音色参数。

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"The Internet enfranchises people who are not native speakers to use English in significant and meaningful ways," says Naomi Baron, professor of linguistics at American University in Washington DC.

“网络让那些非英语国家的人们在重要和意义重大的场合中更自由的使用英语，”位于华盛顿地区的美利坚大学的语言学教授内奥米·巴伦说。

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"The Internet enfranchises people who are not native speakers to use English in significant and meaningful ways," says Naomi Baron, professor of linguistics at American University in Washington DC.

“网络让那些非英语国家的人们在重要和意义重大的场合中更自由的使用英语，”位于华盛顿地区的美利坚大学的语言学教授内奥米·巴伦说。

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