The effect was first studied by etienne malus in 1808.

这个效应是马吕在1808年开始研究的。

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Then, we have carried on the design to the Bonus-Malus System.

接下来，我们对奖惩系统进行了设计。

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Then, we have carried on the design to the Bonus-Malus System.

接下来，我们对奖惩系统进行了设计。

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