Therefore, in the paper, using the model of the tragedy of commons of the game theory, the economic origin of the urban traffic jam is analyzed.
依据博弈论中的“公共地悲剧”模型，分析了城市交通拥挤产生的经济根源，并利用获得的博弈结论，从供给和需求两个角度，给出了缓解城市交通拥挤问题的对策。
Prof Ostrom has challenged the conventional "tragedy of the Commons" theory, arguing that societies and groups regularly devise rules and enforcement mechanisms which stop the degradation of nature.
奥斯特罗姆教授对传统的“公地悲剧”理论发起挑战，她主张，社会和团体经常制定规则和执行机制，遏制自然界的退化。
That is the tragedy of the Commons and, similarly, the tragedy of antibiotics.
这是公地的悲剧，而抗生素的悲剧也类似。
Climate change is perhaps the most extreme example of what the American ecologist Garrett Hardin called a tragedy of the Commons.
气候变化也许是美国生态学家盖瑞特·哈丁(Garrett Haardin)所谓“平民的灾难”的一个最极端的例子。
Overfishing or overgrazing (the "tragedy of the Commons") will result.
过度捕捞和过度放牧(悲剧的共同体)将会是结果。
Before he died, Hardin admitted he should have called his article "the Tragedy of the Unmanaged Commons".
在哈定死之前，他承认他应该把它的文章改为《没有管理的公地的悲剧》。
The tragedy of the Commons as a food basket is averted by private property, or something formally like it.
食物篮子的公地悲剧，因为私产或类似的正式安排而避免了。
Opening the grad kitchen refrigerator, the grad student smells a potent lesson on the tragedy of the commons.
打开同事们合用的冰箱门，博士生闻到公地悲剧的强烈味道。**。
Only so, can we put an end to this aspect of the tragedy of the Commons.
只有这样，我们才可以终结这方面的公地悲剧。
The author argues that allocation of the exclusive fishing rights to commune, rather than to individual, can solve the problem of the commons' tragedy.
笔者认为将河流的排他性捕鱼权配置给社团比配置给个体更能解决公地悲剧问题。
Congested roads can be seen as an example of the tragedy of the Commons.
道路拥挤可以被看作是一个例子公地悲剧。
The traditional economics has drawn the conclusion of "the tragedy of the Commons," but it is unilateral.
传统经济学得出的“公地悲剧”的结论是片面的。
The nonstandard traffic competition and the externalities of transportation are the internal and external causes of "the tragedy of the Commons" for traffic.
交通竞争的失范和交通的外部性是造成交通“共有地悲剧”的内部和外部原因。
At this point, the inherent logic of the Commons remorselessly generates tragedy.
这时，公地的内在逻辑无情地导致悲剧。
The economics of property is concerned with internalizing negative externalities - harms that one person's use of land does to another's interest to it, as in the familiar tragedy of the Commons.
所有权经济学关注的是所有权负外部性的内在化，即一个人对土地的利用对于享有该土地利益的另一个人的影响，正如常见的共有地使用的悲剧。
To make an ecological reference, city roads have a specific "carrying capacity" but no one seems to acknowledge that limit, its similar to Garret Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons".
从环保角度来看，城市的道路的承载量有一定上限。但是能意识到这一点的人却很少。 这与加勒特哈丁提出的“公地悲剧”相类似。
To make an ecological reference, city roads have a specific "carrying capacity" but no one seems to acknowledge that limit, its similar to Garret Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons".
从环保角度来看，城市的道路的承载量有一定上限。但是能意识到这一点的人却很少。 这与加勒特哈丁提出的“公地悲剧”相类似。
应用推荐