我们体内的每个细胞都有46条染色体。
因为端粒保护染色体末端，阻止细胞分裂。
Because telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes to stop cells dividing.
科学家们对连接到染色体末端的部分最感兴趣。
The scientists were most interested in parts connected to the ends of the chromosomes.
看一下其中一条的草图，一条将要分裂成两条的染色体。
Look at this rough drawing of one of them, one Chromosome about to divide into two.
人类有46个染色体，豌豆有14个，而小龙虾有200个。
Humans have 46 chromosomes, peas have 14, and crayfish have 200.
你知道，一个人所有的遗传信息都包含在一个叫做染色体的长DNA片段上。
You know that all of a person's genetic information is contained on very long pieces of DNA called Chromosomes.
每次分裂后，端粒变短一段时间后可能发生的一件事是染色体上的基因片段会断裂。
So after each division, the telomeres get shorter and one of the things that may happen after a while is that pieces of the genes themselves get broken off the Chromosomes.
现在存在的所有Y染色体都来自于一个被认为生活在大约14万年前的同一祖先。
All Y chromosomes in existence today are descended from a single ancestor's who is thought to have lived about 140,000 years ago.
看起来，当通过观察特定染色体上的端粒长度，我们实际上可以预测某些细胞能够成功分裂多久。
It seems that, by looking at the length of the telomeres on specific Chromosomes, we can actually predict pretty much how long certain cells can successfully go on dividing.
你体内的大多数细胞每条染色体都有两份拷贝，因此，每个基因也都有两份拷贝：一份来自你的母亲，一份来自你的父亲。
Most cells in your body have two copies of every chromosome and, therefore, two copies of every gene: one from your mother and one from your father.
无论如何，如果我们检查这些螺旋状DNA的末端，我们会发现每条人类染色体的末端都有一个被称作“端粒”的 DNA序列。
Anyway, if we examine these ends of these coils of DNA, we will find a sequence of DNA at each end of every human Chromosome, called a telomere.
当每次染色体分裂时——即当每次一个细胞分裂成两个时——染色体的尾部，也就是端区，就会发生断裂。
Every time the Chromosome divides—every time one cell divides into two—pieces of the ends of the Chromosome, the telomere, get broken off.
当研究人员仔细观察染色体中的DNA 时，他们很惊讶地发现，其中只有一小部分，大约是20%到30%，能转化成有意义的遗传信息。
When researchers look really carefully at the DNA in Chromosomes though, they were amazed to find that only a fraction of it, maybe 20-30%, converts into meaningful genetic information.
四倍体是指在细胞顶部包含4组染色体的细胞。
Tetraploidy means cells containing 4 sets of chromosomes atop.
本次研究结果表明桤木属物种间染色体数目有明显的差异。
The results suggested that obvious difference of chromosome number appeared among theseAlnus species.
着丝点是染色体的主缢痕，在这个地方姐妹染色单体连在一起。
Centromere is the primary constriction on the chromosome, a region at which the sister chromatids are held together.
从减数分裂前有丝分裂到减数分裂的各个阶段，染色体行为都会发生异常。
Abnormality of chromosome behavior occurs from premeiotic mitosis until various stages in meiosis.
术语“同源的”用于描述相似染色体或染色体部分之间的关系。
The term "homeologous", is used to describe the relationship of similar chromosomes or parts of chromosomes.
了解产前检测染色体异常检测。
我们人类有46条染色体——23对。
而其他所有的类人猿都有24对染色体。
这就是盖住染色体各端的端粒结构的功能。
This is the role of structures called telomeres that cap the ends of chromosomes.
这项新技术用于检查极体中的染色体是否异常。
1号染色体最大，22号染色体最小。
例如，医学组织使用RDF来表述染色体组数据库。
For example, the medical community USES RDF to describe genomic databases.
我们以这些片段开始，然后通过同源重组将其组合到染色体中。
We start with these fragments, and then we have a homologous recombination system that reassembles those into a chromosome.
但文特博士也是个实际的人，想把染色体转化为科技。
But Dr Venter is also a practical man, who wants to turn genomics into technology.
科学家发现人类的X染色体同黑猩猩的X染色体较为相似。
The scientists found that human and chimpanzee X chromosomes are relatively similar.
1号染色体最大，与其他染色体相比来说，含有最大数量的基因。
Chromosome 1 is the biggest and contains, per chromosome, the greatest number of genes.
1号染色体最大，与其他染色体相比来说，含有最大数量的基因。
Chromosome 1 is the biggest and contains, per chromosome, the greatest number of genes.
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