Scientists provided the key to understanding the genetic code that determines every bodily feature.
科学家们提供了线索来了解决定每个身体特征的遗传密码。
Because identical twins come from a single fertilized egg that splits into two, they share virtually the same genetic code.
由于同卵双胞胎来自于一个分裂成两个的受精卵，他们实际上共享相同的遗传密码。
These reactions influence how our genetic code is expressed: how each gene is strengthened or weakened, even turned on or off, to build our bones, brains and all the other parts of our bodies.
这些反应影响着我们的遗传密码的表现方式：每个基因是如何被加强或削弱，甚至其作用机制是如何被打开或关闭，从而构成我们的骨骼、大脑以及身体的其他部位的。
The Genome Unzipped project intends to explain what genetic code can and cannot reveal about an individual's health.
基因组解密项目企图对遗传密码关于个人健康所能揭示的问题与否作出解释。
In all existing life forms, the four "letters" of the genetic code, called nucleotides, are read in triplets, so that every three nucleotides encode a single amino acid.
在所有现有的生命形式中的四个“字母”的遗传密码，即核苷酸，是以三个为单位读取的，每三个核苷酸编码成为一个单独的氨基酸。
But our genetic code still carries the selfish and aggressive instincts that were of survival advantage in the past.
但我们的基因密码仍然具备自私自负的天性——过去，这是我们对生存有利的。
The instructions for this complexity are contained within the cell's genetic code, but how this information is accessed, read and interpreted is influenced by development and differentiation.
这个复杂机器的说明书就在细胞的遗传密码中，然而如何接入，理解和解释这些信息都受到发育和分化的影响。
For instance, having access to a person's genetic code could help doctors create customized medicine and determine an individual's predisposition to certain diseases or medical conditions.
例如，获得一个人的遗传密码能够帮助医生创造定制化药物和确定一个个体对某种疾病或身体状况的倾向。
Third, and massively important, if early life started as sketched above, a “Darwinian transition” to cells that use DNA, RNA and code for proteins via a genetic code must take place at some point.
重要的是，如果早期生命以如上所述的方式开始，细胞的使用DNA，RNA和蛋白质代码的“达尔文过渡”，必须在某个时候通过遗传密码发生。
The researchers from Aberdeen University made their discovery after comparing the DNA of people with the genetic code of birds and mice.
英国阿伯丁大学的研究者们将人体的DNA与鸟类和鼠类的遗传代码进行比较之后，提出了这一发现。
The process is fundamental for life and describes how cells use genetic code to produce the building blocks of living organisms.
该项过程是生命存在的基础，它记述细胞如何利用基因密码合成生命体中的若干组成部分。
In those instances nuclei as well as cytoplasms came together and the hybrid cells made perfectly functioning enzymes that expressed the genetic code of two types of animal.
在那些例子中，细胞核和细胞质融合在一起，杂交细胞制造出了表达两种动物遗传密码、完美运转的酶。
The discovery of a biological gatekeeper that prevents genetic code from fraying with age has won a trio of American scientists this year's Nobel prize for medicine.
三位美国科学家因发现了防止遗传密码随着年龄增长而磨损的一种生物守护机制而共同赢得了今年的诺贝尔医学奖。
When a mutation is added, evolution can't quickly update the rest of the genetic code.
当出现一个基因突变时，生物进化并不能快速更新基因代码的其余部分。
"We have a road map for this as the first 'killer app' for genome engineering, which is to change the genetic code genome-wide to something that the viruses don't expect," he says.
“我们为此制作了路线图，作为基因工程的第一个‘杀手程序’，它将对基因密码进行重大改变，使病毒无法预测和识别，”他说道。
What I'm going to tell you about in my 18 minutes is how we're about to switch from reading the genetic code to the first stages of beginning to write the code ourselves.
接下来18分钟里，我想与大家分享的是：我们是如何做到，从最初的阅读遗传编码，转换到现在我们开始自己编写这些编码。
The DNA sequencer involves drilling tiny nanometer-size holes through computer-like silicon chips, then passing DNA strands through them to read the information contained in their genetic code.
DNA测序仪涉及在计算机硅芯片上打上纳米级微孔，然后使DNA链通过这些微孔来读取它们包含的遗传密码信息。
A new way of using the genetic code has been created, allowing proteins to be made with properties that have never been seen in the natural world.
一种新的使用遗传密码的方法已经被创建，它可以用从未在自然界出现过的材料合成蛋白质。
For Chimpanzees, our closest relatives, the similarities in our genetic code has surprised even the experts.
拿我们的近亲黑猩猩来说，我们的遗传密码相似点连专家都感到惊奇。
They only look at a tiny fraction of the bits and bobs and bases that make up your genetic code.
它们看起来仅仅是组成你遗传密码的那些碱基的极小一部分。
In place of combinations of rare-earth compounds, its unique chemical markers are short stretches of DNA, each with different sequence of genetic code.
用特异化学标记的短链DNA取代了混有稀土的复合物，每一个链有不同顺序的基因编码。
With the H1N1 outbreak, as soon as the new strain was identified, its genetic code was transmitted to influenza experts around the world for further evaluation.
就本次H1N1疫情看来，当新病株一被识别，其遗传编码就被快速地传递到了世界各地的流感专家手中，以方便他们作进一步的评估。
The technique allows doctors to check a woman's eggs for defective chromosomes, the structures that carry the human genetic code.
该项技术使医生可以检测妇女卵细胞中携带人类遗传密码的染色体的缺陷。
Researchers checked the DNA of the Croatia bones against fragments of genetic code extracted from specimens from three other locations.
研究人员将克罗地亚出土的人骨dna和另外三个地方出土的样本的遗传密码进行了比对。
The Biobrick initiative started by researchers at MIT, Harvard and UCSF, is an attempt to standardize chunks of genetic code that can be used as "parts," like a Lego set.
麻省理工学院、哈佛大学和加州大学旧金山分校的研究者开始倡导生物零件的标准化，试图将纷杂的基因代码化为标准的“部件”，就像乐高积木那样。
These so-called viral fossils are not mineralized relics but rather bits of genetic code held over in the genome of a modern-day host organism.
这些所谓的病毒化石并不是矿化后的遗迹，而是存在于现在宿主机体里的基因代码。
In the genetic code that life has used up to now, there are 64 possible triplet combinations of the four nucleotide letters; these genetic "words" are called codons.
从生命开始使用遗传密码到现在，核苷酸的四个字母的三重组合有64个可能，这些遗传“字词”被称为密码子。
Unlike existing stem cell lines, stem cells created through cloning would provide a patient with a fresh supply of cells with his or her own genetic code.
与已有的干细胞不同，克隆生成的干细胞可以为病人提供有自己基因遗传密码的新鲜细胞。
Unlike existing stem cell lines, stem cells created through cloning would provide a patient with a fresh supply of cells with his or her own genetic code.
与已有的干细胞不同，克隆生成的干细胞可以为病人提供有自己基因遗传密码的新鲜细胞。
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