We've talked about Hume before in class.
我们之前在课上讨论过休谟。
We've talked about Hume before in class, right?
我们之前在课上讨论过休谟，对吧？
In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because "the general principles of taste are uniform in human nature", the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.
哲学家大卫·休谟在1757年的一篇文章中谈到，因为人类的审美具有共同性，所以一些艺术作品的价值可能是永恒的。
Why does Hume have to be wrong?
为什么休谟就得是错的呢？
Hume in many ways follows Hobbes.
休谟在很多方面都承袭于霍布斯。
休谟并不这么认为。
And the empiricists are Locke, Berkeley and Hume.
经验主义者有洛克，柏克莱和休谟。
But Adams and Hume Shared some important traits.
但亚当斯和休姆的个性中也有重要的共性。
Philprof: He read Hume and woke from his dogmatic slumber.
哲学系教授：他阅读了休谟的哲学理论，并从他的教条主义睡梦中醒悟过来。
Now in many ways Hume can be seen as building on Newton and Locke.
现代很多观点认为休谟承袭于牛顿和洛克。
Hume draws a distinction between relations of ideas and matters of fact.
休谟对意识关系和物质事实进行了鲜明地描述。
Even David Hume, a famous Scottish empiricist, paid the occasional visit.
甚至著名的苏格兰经验主义哲学家大卫·休谟也偶尔来此做客。
So that is taken by Hume to be a model for how science in general can operate.
休谟在理解一般科学是如何运作的问题上承袭了这个模式。
Remember, um, David Hume came in the what awake people like Newton and Berkeley.
请记住大卫休谟是以人类唤醒者的姿态出现的,就像牛顿和柏克莱那样。
And Hume draws a distinction between relations of ideas and matters of fact.
休谟对意识关系和物质事实进行了鲜明地描述。
So it's just an example of the kind of matter of fact that Hume is talking about.
这只是关于休谟讨论物质事实的其中一个例子而已。
And by moral evidence, Hume means inductive reasoning, reasoning from experience.
关于道德证据，休谟认为是归纳的推理，推理则来自于经验。
David Hume tells the story of a man who is hung out of a high tower in a cage of iron.
大卫·休谟讲了这么个故事：有个人被关在一个铁笼子里悬在高塔上。
Even David Hume, who was influenced quite a lot by Hobbes in various ways hardly mentions him.
即便是在各方面都受他影响很深的大卫·休谟，也对他避而不谈。
Physically, Adams was a striking contrast to the gentle, slightly rumpled, professorial Hume.
从外表看，亚当斯与文雅的、衣着略显凌乱、学者派头的休姆形成了鲜明对比。
Because if Hume is right then he isn't possible to apply our pure reason to know things about the world.
因为如果休谟是对的，那么他不可能，运用我们的纯粹理性来认识世界。
Well here is a passage from a letter from a gentleman to his friend in Adumbral that Hume wrote in 1775.
这里有一段文章,是休谟于1775年写给他在阿杜巴拉一位朋友的书信。
Hume argued that in designing rules of governance, that it would be best to assume that all men are knaves.
休谟争论说，在制订统治的规则时，最好将所有人都假设为恶棍。
When Adams showed up at the lunch, John Hume encouraged me to go over and shake hands with him, so I did.
当亚当斯出现在午宴上时，约翰·休姆怂恿我过去和他握手，我这样做了。
Some were friends of Enlightenment philosophers such as David Hume, Adam Smith, Adam Ferguson and other figures.
有些人交游广泛，和启蒙运动的哲学家戴维德·休谟、亚当·史密斯、亚当·弗格森和其他大人物相交匪浅。
That's a summary of the part one argument where Hume says that all factual inferences is found on experience.
这是第一个争论的总结，休谟在里面提出了所有事实推理都基于经验。
Two hundred years earlier, British philosopher David Hume wrote, “A wise man proportions his belief to the evidence.”
200年前，英国哲学家大卫•休谟在书中写到“智者斟酌事实来确定自己的信念。”
So the claim is that induction, no skeptical problem can be raised about induction in the way that Hume was thought to do.
这么一来关于归纳法的论断，以休谟的思考方式来看的话,并不会产生怀疑论问题。
When Hume talks about intuitive evidence that is intuition, like Locke, he means something that is immediately self evident.
当休谟讨论直觉迹象的时候指的就是直觉力，像洛克一样，他认为某些事物是立即不证自明的。
So there's a bit of a nice irony here that Hume who all these philosophers in this period is probably most opposed to Descartes.
这里具有讽刺意味的是，休谟以及那个时代所有的哲人们，几乎都反对笛卡尔的观点。
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