Many scientists once believed that physical similarities between identical twins are genetic, while their personalities, intelligence and other differences between them are an effect of their environment.
许多科学家曾经认为，同卵双胞胎在外貌上的相似是由基因决定的，而他们之间的性格、智力和其他差异则是受到环境的影响。
Reed's research shows that though nothing can truly change our DNA, environmental differences that a child experiences before birth and in their first year can sometimes affect the way the DNA behaves, making even identical twins into very different people.
里德的研究表明，虽然没有什么能真正改变我们的 DNA，但孩子在出生前和出生后第一年所经历的环境差异有时能够影响 DNA 的表现方式，甚至使同卵双胞胎变成两个很不同的人。
For example, Jim Springer and Jim Louis are identical twins.
例如，吉姆·施普林格和吉姆·路易斯是同卵双胞胎。
They want to know why many identical twins make similar choices even when they don't live near each other.
他们好奇为什么许多同卵双胞胎即使不住在一起也会做出相似的选择。
They study pairs of identical twins who grew up in different surroundings, like Jim Springer and Jim Louis.
他们研究了像吉姆·施普林格和吉姆·路易斯一样在不同环境中长大的同卵双胞胎。
Scientists continue to study identical twins because they are uncertain about them and have many questions.
科学家们继续研究同卵双胞胎，因为还有不确定的地方和许多问题没解决。
Researchers at the University of Minnesota, study 350 sets of identical twins who did not grow up together.
明尼苏达大学的研究人员研究了350组没有一起长大的同卵双胞胎。
Researchers at the University of Minnesota, studied 350 sets of identical twins who did not grow up together.
明尼苏达大学的研究人员研究了350组没有一起长大的同卵双胞胎。
Because identical twins come from a single fertilized egg that splits into two, they share virtually the same genetic code.
由于同卵双胞胎来自于一个分裂成两个的受精卵，他们实际上共享相同的遗传密码。
But twin studies took a surprising twist in the 1980s, with the arrival of studies into identical twins who had been separated at birth and reunited as adults.
但在20世纪80年代，对出生时被分开而成年后重新团聚的同卵双胞胎进行研究时，双胞胎研究出现了令人惊讶的转折。
If identical twins are more similar to each other with respect to an ailment than fraternal twins are, then vulnerability to the disease must be rooted at least in part in heredity.
如果同卵双胞胎彼此在疾病方面比异卵双胞胎更相似，那么这种疾病的易感性至少在一定程度上是由遗传造成的。
Non-identical twins are the result of two fertilized eggs implanting in the uterus at the same time.
非同卵双生胎是两个受精卵同时在子宫着床的结果。
And if identical twins are fully human, wouldn't cloned people be as well?
要是同卵双生是完整的人，那么，克隆人不也是吗？
Identical twins share all of their genes and fraternal twins share only about half.
同卵双胞胎的基因完全相同，而异卵双胞胎只有大约一半的基因相同。
The only one available is for identical twins, but it pays so much that Joey can't resist.
此时在进行的唯一的实验是双胞胎研究。报酬丰厚，乔伊难以抗拒。
The researchers studied DNA in saliva contributed by 34 pairs of male identical twins, ages 21 to 55.
科学家们分析了34对年龄21至55岁男性同卵双胞胎唾沫中的DNA样品。
However, in 2000, scientists announced that the X and Y chromosomes were once a pair of identical twins.
然而，在2000年，科学家曾宣布，X染色体和Y染色体曾经是同卵双胞胎。
Before then, both identical and non-identical twins have largely independent odds of reaching a given age.
那之前，无论同卵还是异卵双胞胎在达到某一既定年龄时都在极大程度上有各自不同的几率。
Most of the mothers were pairs of sisters, but some were identical twins or first Cousins raised as sisters.
这些母亲中的大多数都是亲姐妹关系，而有的则甚至是双胞胎或像姐妹一样生活在一起的表姐妹。
The surprise came when Stanford researchers found a greater number of fraternal twins shared autism than identical twins.
令斯坦福的研究者惊奇的是，后一种双胞胎共患自闭症的情况更多。
Identical twins share identical genetic makeup, while fraternal twins are only as genetically similar as any two siblings.
同卵双胞胎具有相同的基因组成，而异卵双胞胎只是像其他任何两个兄弟姐妹一样基因相似。
Like DNA, fingerprints are unique to each person or set of identical twins and that makes them a valuable identification tool.
像DNA一样，每一个人、每一对同卵双胞胎的指纹都是独一无二的，这使得指纹成为一项非常重要的身份证明工具。
The scientists made this conclusion based on the fact that identical twins performed much more similarly than fraternal twins.
同卵双生双胞胎比以卵双生双胞胎的心智状况更为接近，科学家据此得出上述结论。
Even among identical twins there is a great deal of variation in personal preference, environment, and hence the risk for disease.
甚至是在同卵双生子中，在个人偏好、环境都有很大差异，因而疾病风险也有差异。
Other research has reported that, with identical twins, if one twin has ADHD, the other has a 75 percent chance of having the condition.
另外也有研究指出，对于同卵双胞胎来说，如果有一个患有adhd，那另一个也患有相同病症的概率达75%。
Other research has reported that, with identical twins, if one twin has ADHD, the other has a 75 percent chance of having the condition.
另外也有研究指出，对于同卵双胞胎来说，如果有一个患有adhd，那另一个也患有相同病症的概率达75%。
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