Like ext3, ext4 is a journaling file system.
和ext3一样，ext4也是一个日志文件系统。
The fourth extended journaling file system (ext4fs) is the evolution of ext3fs.
第四扩展日志文件系统（fourth extended journaling file system，ext4fs）是由 ext3fs演化而来。
Newer journaling file systems simplify the disk-check process when the system starts up again.
比较新的日志文件系统简化了系统重新启动时的磁盘检查过程。
Reiser4 was designed from scratch as a new journaling file system with many advanced features.
Reiser4被设计成为全新的日志文件系统，它拥有很多先进的功能。
ReiserFS is a journaling file system that was developed from the ground up with journaling in mind.
ReiserFS是从一开始就按照记录日志的意图而开发的日志文件系统。
If you need to use a non-journaling file system for any volume, try to keep that volume as small as possible.
如果对于任何卷需要使用非日志文件系统，那么这个卷应该尽可能小。
Journaling file systems provide reliability and protect against corruption in the face of system crash or power loss.
日志文件系统在系统崩溃或断电时提供了可靠性，并防止系统崩溃。
ReiserFS was introduced in 2001 in the mainline 2.4 kernel (the first journaling file system to be adopted by Linux).
ReiserFS于2001年被引进到主流2.4内核(Linux采用的第一个日志文件系统)。
One of the primary disadvantages of ext3fs is that it was not designed from the ground up as a journaling file system.
ext3fs主要的弊端之一就是它最初不是作为日志文件系统而设计的。
Let's take a short walk through journaling file system history, and then review the file systems available and how they differ.
下面就让我们一起简短回顾一下日志文件系统的历史，然后再看一看现行的几种文件系统，看看它们之间有什么区别。
The third extended file system (ext3fs) is the most popular journaling file system and is the evolution of the popular ext2 file system.
第三扩展文件系统(third extended file system,ext3fs)是最流行的日志文件系统，是由ext2文件系统演化而来。
The most commonly used journaling file system, ext3fs (or third extended file system) is an extension of ext2 with journaling capabilities.
最常用的日志文件系统ext3fs （thirdextendedfile system）是ext2 的扩展，它增加了记录日志的功能。
XFS is one of the other early journaling file systems that was originally developed by Silicon Graphics for the IRIX operating system in 1995.
XFS是Silicon Graphicsis于 1995 年为 IRIX操作系统开发的其他早期日志文件系统之一。
Additionally, the crash recovery time for journaling file systems is dramatically reduced compared to more traditional file system methods (such as those that rely on FSCK).
另外，与较传统的文件系统方法(比如那些依赖于fsck的系统)相比，日志文件系统大大地缩短了系统崩溃的恢复时间。
Journaling file systems use a journal to buffer changes to the file system (which is also used in crash recovery) but can use different strategies for when and what is journaled.
日志文件系统是使用日志来缓冲文件系统的修改(同时也可以应用于紧急故障恢复)的，但可以根据记录的时间与内容采取不同的策略。
When a system using a traditional, non-journaling file system is improperly shut down, the operating system detects this and performs a consistency check using the FSCK utility.
如果系统采用传统的未提供日志功能的文件系统，那么操作系统在检测到系统为非正常关机时，会使用fsck应用程序执行一致性检验。
After successfully getting ReiserFS merged into the Linux kernel and adopted by many Linux distributions, Namesys (the company behind ReiserFS) began work on a new journaling file system.
在成功地将ReiserFS合并到Linux内核，并被很多的Linux发行版采用之后，Namesys(开发ReiserFS的公司)便开始致力于新的日志文件系统的开发。
To sum up, journaling file systems are fault-resilient file systems that use a journal to log changes before they're committed to the file system to avoid metadata corruption (see Figure 1).
总之，日志文件系统就是一种具有故障恢复能力的文件系统，它利用日志来记录尚未提交到文件系统的修改，以防止元数据破坏(请参见图1)。
The default method for journaling is ordered and supports online resizing to grow the file system.
其默认的日志记录方法为预定，且支持以在线调整大小的方式扩展文件系统。
Journaling is the process of logging changes to the file system through a journal (which is a dedicated circular log on a contiguous region of the disk).
日志记录就是通过日记(磁盘上相邻区域的专门循环记录)记录文件系统的变更的过程。
Ext3: The standard Linux file system with journaling added.
ext3：带日志的标准Linux文件系统。
The ext3 file system introduced the concept of journaling to improve the reliability of the file system when the system is abruptly halted.
ext3文件系统引入了日志概念，以在系统突然停止时提高文件系统的可靠性。
JFS2 supports ordered journaling for high performance with sub-second file system recovery.
JFS2支持预定的日志记录方式，可以提高较高的性能，并实现亚秒级文件系统恢复。
This example shows ext3, but the Journaling flash File system version 2 (JFFS2) and SquashFS are also good choices, particularly for flash-based storage systems.
这个示例使用ext3，但是JournalingFlashFile Systemversion2 (JFFS2)和SquashFS也是合适的选择，尤其是对于基于闪存的存储系统。
This is done by using JFFS2 (Journaling Flash File System version 2), which compresses stored data; the 21,544 blocks of storage available hold roughly 60,000 blocks of files.
这是通过使用JFFS2（JournalingFlashFile Systemversion2）实现的，它会对所存储的数据进行压缩；这 21,544 个存储块可以容纳大约 60,000 个文件块。
This is done by using JFFS2 (Journaling Flash File System version 2), which compresses stored data; the 21,544 blocks of storage available hold roughly 60,000 blocks of files.
这是通过使用JFFS2（JournalingFlashFile Systemversion2）实现的，它会对所存储的数据进行压缩；这 21,544 个存储块可以容纳大约 60,000 个文件块。
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