Latent heat is absorbed or released whenever matter changes phase, as when matter changes from liquid to gas, for example, or from gas to liquid.
潜热在物质形态变化时被吸收或释放，例如当物质从液体变为气体或从气体变为液体时这一过程就会发生。
When heated, these materials turned from a solid into a liquid absorbing energy as they change phase.
当这些材料受热时，它们会从固态变成液态，并在相变时吸收能量。
So what this line is, then, this line is the line of points that tells me when I have coexistence between the gas phase and the liquid phase.
所以这条线只是一系列点的直线,这些点实际上是,气相和液相之间的共存点。
And turning the crank at equilibrium, being equal between the solid phase and the liquid phase.
在平衡态固相和液相的化学势相等，固相和气相一样。
Since the gas and liquid are in equilibrium, therefore we know the chemical potential in the liquid phase too.
由于气相和液相的化学势相等，因此我们也就知道了,液相中的化学势。
We started out with four variables; the temperature, the pressure, and the components in the composition in the liquid phase and the composition in the gas phase.
我们一开始有四个变量：，温度，压强，某个组分在液体中的比例，和它在气体中的比例。
T fixed. This is the liquid phase. So suppose I start with some high pressure up here somewhere.
固定温度，这里是液相，从直线以上的某点出发。
So I've gotten the composition in the gas phase in terms of the composition in the liquid phase.
我利用液体中的组分，表示出了气体中的组分。
'it's only in this liquid phase that the virus is capable of entering a cell to infect it.'
而就在这一液态阶段，病毒才得以入侵并感染细胞。
The chemical potential of a molecule of A in the liquid phase here is the same as the chemical potential of A in the gas phase. So we have two constraints.
液态分子A的化学势,等于气态分子A的化学势,所以我们有两个约束条件。
Chemical potentials of a, in the gas phase has to be the same as the chemical potential of a in the liquid phase.
处于气态的A的化学势等于，处于液态的A的化学势。
And I can invert this to get the composition in the liquid phase in terms of the composition in the gas phase it's not so straightforward, but you can get xA as a function of yA, as well.
然后即可以用气体中的组分，写出液体中的组分，虽然过程不简单，但是你可以得到xA作为yA的函数。
There's a coexistence between the gas phase and the liquid phase. And what does it mean for a liquid to be coexistent with a in the gas phase?
这里存在一个气态和液态的共存关系，是什么意思，液态的A物质和气态的A物质共存？
But now, it's not as a function of the composition at the liquid phase it's a function of the composition in the gas phase.
但是现在，这里不再是以液相的组分比，作为变量，而是以气相的组分比作为变量。
But I also changed the composition of my liquid phase.
同时也改变了液体的组成。
And we squeeze, and now we've got more water in the liquid phase than in the gas phase.
我们继续压缩，现在液态的水，比气态的水更多。
Ok. Then you started looking at both the gas and the liquid phase in the same diagram.
好，然后在同一张图中，考虑气相和液相。
So this is the one that's showing us the mole fraction in the liquid phase.
这是告诉我们,液相摩尔分数的曲线。
And the liquid phase obeys Raoult's law.
液相遵循拉乌尔定律。
We've found composition in the gas phase in terms of composition in the liquid phase.
我们已经用液相的组分，写出了气相的组分。
Of course, if you were to just keep going, you'd get into the pure liquid phase.
当然，如果你继续向上，你将会进入纯液相。
B We're going to have a molar fraction in the liquid phase for a and B.
考虑A和，在液态以一定的摩尔分数混合。
B So we're going to have liquid phase of a, the liquid phase of B. So, for instance, this could be vodka, right?
先考虑液态的A和液态的，例如伏特加？
Which is the vapor pressure of the pure material times the, and the composition of the liquid phase, Raoult's law.
这个常数是纯物质的蒸汽压，乘以液相的组分，Raoult定律。
However, they are usually synthesized as nano-sized or micro-sized powders, and this makes it very difficult to retrieve them from the mother liquors or the liquid-phase reaction systems [2, 3].
然而，他们常常是纳米或微米粉末，这使他们很难从母液或作用体系的液相中分离出来[2]。
B And mu B in the liquid phase B has to be equal to mu B in the gas phase. S o four minus two constraints means you have two degrees of freedom.
液相的μ,必须等于气相的μ,所以四减去二意味着,你有两个自由度。
When a cylinder with this valve configuration is in the upright position, the inlet of the tube is immersed in liquid and the liquid phase will be removed.
当带有这种阀门配置的钢瓶处在垂直位置时，管子的入口浸在液体中，就可以提取液相产品。
Experiments show that the liquid phase detector is reliable stability in liquid, the images are distinct and have high resolution.
实验表明，该液相探头具有良好的液态环境扫描性能，图像稳定，分辨力高。
General natural graphite was modified by liquid-phase oxidation method using cerium sulfate as an oxidant.
用硫酸铈作氧化剂，通过液相法将普通的天然石墨进行氧化改性。
If the withdrawal rate of the gas is such that the energy required to vaporize the liquid cannot be recovered from the surrounding air, the liquid phase will begin to cool.
如果气体提取速度太快，使得蒸发液体所需要的能量不能从周围空气中得到补充，液相会开始冷却。
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