Objective to explore and evaluate the efficacy and safety of tubeless mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PNL) in the treatment of renal or upper ureteral calculi.
目的探讨无管化微造瘘经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾和输尿管上段结石的疗效及安全性，评估无管化微创手术的优势。
Objective to explore and evaluate the efficacy and safety of tubeless mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PNL) in the treatment of renal or upper ureteral calculi.
目的探讨无管化微造瘘经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾和输尿管上段结石的疗效及安全性，评估无管化微创手术的优势。
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