Silent genes accumulate random mutations, they reasoned, eventually rendering them useless.
他们推断，沉默基因积累随机突变，最终使它们变得无用。
For example, in the fruit fly, researchers have identified the gene Shaker, mutations in which cause flies to shake violently under anesthesia.
例如，在果蝇身上，研究人员发现了基因震荡器，这种突变导致果蝇在麻醉下剧烈摇晃。
Founder mutations are a class of disease-causing genetic mutations, each derived from its own ancestral "founder" in whom the mutation originated.
创始者突变是一类引起疾病的基因突变，每一种都源自其自身祖先的“创始者”。
Mutations are the ultimate cause of all the genetic differences, including the differences between a human and a banana, between a starfish and a toadstool.
突变是所有基因差异的最终原因,包括人类和香蕉，海星和伞菌之间差异。
This apparent anomaly is partially explained by the fact that most founder mutations are recessive: only a person with copies of the affected gene from both parents becomes ill.
大多数明显的创始人突变都是隐性的，可以解释这种明显的异常现象：只有双亲都拥有受影响基因副本的人才会生病。
Heritable mutations of ALAS2 gene are responsible for the human X-linked sideroblastic anemia.
ALAS2基因的可遗传突变是人类X连锁铁粒幼细胞性贫血的原因。
The mutations appear to occur sporadically and spontaneously.
变异似是偶发和自发的。
The next pandemic will occur through adaptive mutations [in the virus].
陈冯富珍说：“下一场大流行将通过[病毒的]适应性突变而发生。
Virus from one of the patients shows mutations at the receptor-binding site.
来自患者之一的病毒显示在受体结合部位突变。
They discovered five additional mutations that were crucial to the transition.
他们发现，另外的五个突变对这种逆转过程是非常关键的。
That's because they aren't under selection, so they tend to accumulate mutations.
那是由于他们没有进行选择，因此他们易于积累突变。
Had a few, fateful mutations changed an innocuous chimp virus into a human killer?
是一些决定性的突变让这种良性的猩猩病毒变身为人类杀手的吗？
Scientists are now attacking specific mutations that drive specific forms of cancer.
科学家正在奋力处理引起特定种类的癌症的特殊变异。
Many mutations do not alter any important features of the virus or the illness it causes.
许多变异对病毒本身或病毒所造成的疾病的任何重要特征不会带来影响。
Variations of viruses are also similar to mutations, another factor in genetic algorithms.
病毒发生的变化类似突变，又一个遗传算法的特征。
Subsequent genome analysis revealed numerous mutations in the DNA of the adapted bacteria.
随后的染色体组分析显示，被改造细菌的DNA中存在大量的变异。
Yet, sometimes, I like to think of myself as belonging to a kind of fellowship of mutations.
现在有时我会乐意将自己想成属于某种突变团体的成员。
A cell becomes cancerous when the genes that stop runaway growth are sabotaged by mutations.
我们知道，当阻止生长失控的基因遭到突变的破坏之后，细胞就会产生癌变。
Scientists have found that each human being has around 60 different mutations in their genes.
科学家们发现，每个人体当中大概存在着有60组变异的基因。
Blood samples taken from the patient before taking entecavir had no M184V mutations in the HIV.
在服用恩替卡韦之前，病人血液样本中的艾滋病毒没有M 184v突变。
They did this by genetically modifying mice to make them prone to passing on genetic mutations.
他们是通过将老鼠基因改造使其更易于传递基因突变达到这个效果的。
Mutations in genes governing cell growth and death can affect the anatomy of a region of cortex.
管理细胞生长和死亡的基因突变可以影响大脑皮质区的解剖学特征。
But the viruses can cause mutations scientists don't want, and in some cases, they cause cancer.
但是病毒会导致科学家们不愿意看到的变异，在某些情形中，它们甚至会引发癌症。
Rather than looking for certain genes or mutations, it measures how active 23 key genes are.
不是寻找某些基因或变种，而是测试23中关键基因有多活跃。
But even after that, computing kept undergoing mutations-or, in the jargon, platform shifts.
后来计算机的含义也一直在变，行话叫平台转换。
There are many different forms of the disorder, each caused by mutations in a different gene.
视网膜炎色斑有很多种不同的症状，每一个都由不同的基因突变引起。
The five key mutations could not be reversed first, because the receptor would be rendered useless.
这五个关键突变不能被先逆转回去，因为这样的话受体就会变得无用。
They're not exactly antibiotic resistant, so they don't have any special drug-destroying mutations.
这并不是完全的抗药性表现，也就是说它们没有任何的抗药性突变。
They're not exactly antibiotic resistant, so they don't have any special drug-destroying mutations.
这并不是完全的抗药性表现，也就是说它们没有任何的抗药性突变。
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