METHODS the writhing model of mice induced by acetic acid, hot plate test (sc, icv), tail flick test and the model of electrical stimulation induced contraction of guinea pig ileum were used.

方法通过醋酸扭体模型、热板、甩尾、纳洛酮拮抗试验及豚鼠回肠离体标本研究样品的镇痛活性及机制。

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Pig herds with a high incidence of tail lesions also had more lung condemnations, suggesting tail biting could be linked to poor health at the herd level.

咬尾率较高的猪群，肺部健康水平越低，暗示咬尾可能与猪群的健康状态低下有关。

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With an average incidence of 2.3%, a recent survey5? Reveals that most Finnish pig farmers do not consider tail biting to be a major problem.

芬兰猪场咬尾症平均发生率为2.3%，一份近期的调查表明大多数芬兰猪场对咬尾问题并没有引起足够的重视。

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With an average incidence of 2.3%, a recent survey5? Reveals that most Finnish pig farmers do not consider tail biting to be a major problem.

芬兰猪场咬尾症平均发生率为2.3%，一份近期的调查表明大多数芬兰猪场对咬尾问题并没有引起足够的重视。

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