第二十八条采购人不得将应当以公开招标方式采购的货物或者服务化整为零或者以其他任何方式规避公开招标采购。
Article 28 No procuring entity may avoid public invitation required for procuring certain goods or services by breaking them up into parts or by any other means.
公开招标的成本过高，与采购项目的价值不相称的。
The cost of public invitation is so high as not to match the value of the procurement project.
结合实际工作，阐述了招标采购的必要性、价值工程原理的含义以及运用价值工程原理，进行设备公开招标的方法。
Based on practical work, this essay explains the essence of value engineering principle, the necessity and the method of bidding in equipment purchasing.
在评价公开招标拍卖的竞争性采购，最关键的问题是，以确定的概率放置一个中标的某一标记的水平。
In evaluating closed-bid competitive procurement auctions, the most crucial issue is to determine the probability of placing a winning bid for a given markup level.
报价必须是书面方式，评审的原则与公开招标相同，使用订单或者简明合同的方式来确认采购。
Quotations by written forms, evaluation follows the same principle as of open bid, use purchase order or brief contract.
第三条中央单位采购达到公开招标数额标准的货物或者服务的，应当采用公开招标方式采购。
Article 3 Where the goods or services to be procured by a central government agency reach the amount standard for public bidding, the procurement shall be made in the method of public bidding.
第三条中央单位采购达到公开招标数额标准的货物或者服务的，应当采用公开招标方式采购。
Article 3 Where the goods or services to be procured by a central government agency reach the amount standard for public bidding, the procurement shall be made in the method of public bidding.
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